BACKGROUND NOTE

28 September 2012

Commonwealth Indigenous-specific expenditure 1968–2012

Dr John Gardiner-Garden, Social Policy Section
Joanne Simon-Davies, Statistics and Mapping Section

Executive summary

This paper attempts to plot, by agency and year, identifiable Commonwealth expenditure in the area of Indigenous affairs over the 44 years from 1968 to 2012.

The paper attempts to plot trends in the above expenditure—expressed in both the nominal and real terms, expressed as a percentage of total Commonwealth outlays and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and expressed in per-capita terms. In nominal and real terms, identifiable Commonwealth Indigenous-specific expenditure has trended up, but dipped in the last few years. As a percentage of total outlays or Gross Domestic Product it plateaued from about 2000 to 2007 and has since fallen. The per capita trend is found to be too problematic to characterise simply.

The paper also overviews recent relevant policy developments, Budget commitments and expenditure reports and notes the factors limiting the implications that can be drawn from the data presented.

Introduction

This paper updates one written by the same authors and published as an online Parliamentary Library Research Paper in September 2010.

It presents graphs, tables and commentary on the subject of identifiable Commonwealth expenditure in the area of Indigenous Affairs. By this the authors mean expenditure in any portfolio through programs or program components specifically intended to address Indigenous issues or needs—that is, identifiable Indigenous-specific expenditure. For recent years the authors have used the Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure (AGIE) figures presented in annual Portfolio Budget Statements. It should be noted that these figures represent expenditure by a narrower definition than that used in the two recent expenditure studies discussed later in this paper. Like the figures in those two other reports, the utility of these figures for policy purposes is limited by the fact that the authors have no way of splitting figures into service provision and administration components, and no way of directly linking these expenditure figures to particular policy thrusts (such as National Partnerships, Closing the Gap or Stronger Futures), to particular regions or to particular outcomes.

In the pdf version of this paper, the tables referred to are appended at the end of the document.

In the html version of this paper, links to tables will open the relevant table in an Excel spreadsheet. All of the tables and charts referred to are in this one spreadsheet and they can be accessed via the tabs along the bottom of the screen in Excel. There is no need, therefore, to return to the text to access another table.

Historical overview

Identifiable Commonwealth expenditure in the area of Indigenous affairs began with the establishment of the Office of Aboriginal Affairs soon after the landmark referendum in 1967.[1] The expenditure was relatively low in the first few years but increased significantly with the creation of the Department of Aboriginal Affairs soon after the Whitlam Government came to office in December 1972, and continued to grow through the 1980s.

In 1990 the Department of Aboriginal Affairs was replaced by the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) and, except for a slight dip in 1993–94, identifiable Indigenous expenditure continued to rise throughout the 1990s. ATSIC expenditure as a proportion of total Indigenous expenditure started, however, to fall in the mid–1990s. This was a result of areas such as health and land acquisition being shifted out of ATSIC and some areas that remained within ATSIC receiving a funding cut following the 1996 Budget.

Although overall expenditure continued to rise from the late 1990s onward, it is difficult to compare earlier figures with those from later years because in 1998 there was a move from cash to accrual accounting and from 2000–01 the annual Ministerial Budget-time statements on Identifiable Commonwealth Expenditure on Indigenous Affairs used different categories for reporting expenditure. Tracking expenditure becomes even more complicated from 2002, as the successive administrative rearrangements associated with the gradual demise of ATSIC led to the staged transfer of its funding and responsibilities to a range of other agencies.  

In 2005–06 the Commonwealth introduced the reporting in the Portfolio Budget Statements of Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure (AGIE) figures and it is these that are used in this paper to plot expenditure over the years that followed.

In 2007, the last year of the Howard government, commitments made under the Northern Territory Emergency Response (the NTER or ‘the Intervention’) increased Commonwealth Indigenous expenditure, especially that directed to the Northern Territory. Though many of the NTER measures were controversial, the Howard Government’s overall legislative package and budget commitment received bi-partisan support.

The Rudd government changed the policy rhetoric to ‘closing the gap’, ‘Indigenous Reform agenda’ and ‘National Partnerships’. It also set benchmarks, goals and funding commitments inside a Council of Australian Governments (COAG) framework, and amended some procedures and legislation so that Commonwealth actions could withstand the reinstatement of all the provisions of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975. Though the rhetorical, administrative and legal context was very different from that surrounding the Howard Government budgets, the Rudd Government’s budgets of 2008, 2009 and 2010 generally supported the Intervention-initiated budget emphasis on funding programs intended to address the perceived needs of remote communities.

The Gillard government’s policy has been a continuation of the Rudd government’s policy. The process of establishing a National Congress of Australia's First Peoples was completed and the prospect of recognising Australia’s Indigenous people in the Constitution was advanced by the appointment in December 2010 of an Expert Panel, who undertook wide public consultations and presented their report, Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution, in January 2012.[2] Language in one area of policy did, however, change. Since 2011 there has been a determination to move still further away from speaking of an ‘Intervention’. Thus the Government distributed a Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory discussion paper in June 2011, produced a report on the consultations (and another on methodology) in October 2011, and  introduced three bills into the House in November 2011: Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory Bill 2011 and its associated Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory (Consequential and Transitional Provisions) Bill 2011 and Social Security Legislation Amendment Bill 2011. For more on these bills see the Parliamentary Library’s Stronger Futures bills digest[3]http://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/BudgetReview201213/IndigenousAffairs - _ftn4.

The 2012–13 Budget

The change in language gave rise to a change in some budget arrangements. Thus, the 2012–13 Federal budget reflected ongoing commitments through National Partnerships on Remote Indigenous Housing, Closing the Gap in Indigenous Health Outcomes, Indigenous Early Childhood Development and Indigenous Economic Participation, but added initiatives under the umbrella of a $3.4 billion over 10-year commitment to a new Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory National Partnership[4]. This did not, however, represent an increase in the Government’s overall commitment to Indigenous Affairs. Most of this expenditure was either to continue funding for Northern Territory Intervention programs, which was to end in the middle of 2012, or was money redirected from other programs.

The 2012 Budget’s Stronger Futures package included:

·       $254.4 million over four years ($713.5 million over 10 years) for better primary health care, and better access to allied health services[5]

·       $239.6 million over four years ($619.3 million over 10 years) to improve the safety of communities (for example, policing)[6]

·       an as yet not-for-publication sum to be provided over 10 years to support measures to tackle alcohol abuse in communities[7]

·       $187.3 million over four years ($411.8 million over 10 years) to continue to improve school outcomes for Aboriginal children[8]

·       $141.6 million over four years ($326.3 million over 10 years) to support the well-being of Aboriginal children, youth and their families and continue eight programs under the Alice Springs Transformation Plan[9]

·       $149.2 million over four years ($413.4 million over 10 years) to increase the number of Indigenous Engagement Officers, ensure local services are effective, support governance and leadership and local planning, and continue to support interpreting services[10]

·       $54.2 million over four years to improve remote Indigenous housing, including removing asbestos from houses and community buildings[11] and

·       $67.8 million over four years ($206.4 million over 10 years) to support the continuation of basic municipal and essential services for up to 9000 Aboriginal people living in outstations and homelands.[12]

The Budget also included initiatives with more general relevance.[13]

With respect to remote jobs and the former community development employment projects (CDEP), the Budget features a commitment from 1 July 2013 of $1.5 billion for a new cross-portfolio Remote Jobs and Communities Program. As with the Stronger Futures commitment, this was not new money. Indeed, against prior relevant commitments in Budget forward estimates, the establishment of the new program was estimated to cost $9.3 million in 2012–13, but save $79.8 million in 2013–14, $92.1 million in 2014–15 and $41.5 million in 2015–16. The cost of the program to the Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations would be more than offset by savings to the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs, and to the Department of Human Services. The program included:

·       combining Job Services Australia, Disability Employment Services, and Community Development Employment Projects to create a new single assistance provider which will work with communities to develop Community Action Plans as well as with individual job-seekers (this element producing savings of $62.0 million over four years)

·       $137.5 million over three years to establish a Community Development Fund to support community development projects

·       $44.4 million over three years for a Remote Youth Development and Leadership Corps which will provide up to 3000 places by 2015–16 for young people aged under 25. The National Congress of Australia’s First People particularly welcomed this commitment  but noted that  there will be $22.8 million in savings from ending new enrolments in the Indigenous Youth Leadership Program[14] and

·       five more years of CDEP wages to approximately 4000 long-term CDEP participants (budget neutral over six years).

Budget initiatives relating to services and infrastructure included:

·       $43.4 million in 2012–13 for remote communities to continue the provision of municipal and essential services to 38 000 Aboriginal people in approximately 350 remote communities across Western Australia, South Australia, Queensland, Victoria and Tasmania.[15] This measure was announced on 28 March 2012 and is intended to supplement the efforts of State and Territory Governments.[16] With small homelands and outstations communities persisting and their need for better services being great, this  commitment was well received by most but criticised by some as too little, not involving sufficient Northern Territory Government contribution and not helping to clarify long-term responsibilities and expectations[17] and

·       $21.2 million to deliver environmental health infrastructure in the Torres Strait region, including water projects, sewerage infrastructure, roads and serviced housing lots.[18]

There were two small initiatives in the area of Indigenous education:

·       $14.3 million over three years to attract and retain high-calibre teachers in remote areas, by expanding the Teach Remote program[19] and

·       $4.8 million over three years to expand (through the Clontarf Foundation) the Sporting Chance Program which helps promote school engagement amongst Indigenous boys, and to fund strategies to promote school engagement amongst Indigenous girls.[20]

These amounts were, however, more than offset by the redirection to Stronger Futures spending of savings of $56.3 million over four years ($152.9 million over 10 years) by ceasing the Closing the Gap—Intensive Literacy and Numeracy Programs for Underachieving Indigenous Students.[21]

With respect to health and aged care, Budget initiatives include:

·       $43.1 million over five years to deliver an extra 200 aged care places for older Indigenous people who have high care needs so that they can stay close to home in culturally appropriate care[22] and

·       $475.0 million over six years for new and extended regional and remote health care facilities, including $48.6 million for 10 projects in regional and remote Indigenous communities which will deliver improved health care services.[23]

Other initiatives included:

·       $63.0 million over four years for the Special Broadcasting Service Corporation to establish a free-to-air national Indigenous television channel[24]

·       $55.7 million over four years for the Home Interaction Program for Parents and Youngsters to better prepare children for school through a home-based parenting and early childhood program in 100 sites across Australia. Fifty of these will be targeted towards communities with a high proportion of disadvantaged Indigenous Australians.[25]

·       $11.8 million to extend the Cape York Welfare Reform Trial until 31 December 2013[26] and

·       $10.0 million to support activities to build community understanding and support for constitutional recognition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians—with the cost being met from within the existing resources of the Department of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.[27]

Two recent Indigenous Expenditure Reports

Strategic Review of Indigenous Expenditure

In February 2010 the Australian Government’s Department of Finance and Deregulation completed its Strategic Review of Indigenous Expenditure , but the report was only made public in a freedom of information release in 2011.[28] The report estimated Indigenous specific program and Indigenous specific mainstream expenditure for the financial year 2009-10 and tabulated these figures in its ‘Attachment D: Indigenous Programs Classified by Portfolio’. The portfolio totals and grand total of expenditure are of the same order of magnitude as the totals offered in this publication, but are not based on the Portfolio Budget Statement AGIEs, the basis for this publication. The authors of the Strategic Review opted to survey Federal departments directly, to invite estimates not just of Indigenous specific expenditures but also of share of expenditures under programs that are not Indigenous specific, and to not report Indigenous expenditures only at Outcome levels (as is often the case in the Portfolio Budget Statements’ AGIE reporting) but against all the programs that contribute towards achieving those Outcomes, and where appropriate against the lower level programs that operate within many of the formal Programs.

The Review had hoped through their survey of departments to also be able to estimate the ratio of departmental to administered expenses for grant programmes, but the fact that most large agencies did not provide this information meant no conclusions could be drawn about these ratios.

The Review did not look at historical trends (referring readers instead in footnote 35 on page 54 to an early form of this publication).[29]

For further discussion of the methodology behind the report’s expenditure estimates and why they vary from the PBS AGIEs which form the basis of this publication’s estimates, see the discussion on pages 54 to 57 of the Report. For snapshots of expenditure for 2009-10 by function and for key points from the Review see Appendix 1.

2012 Indigenous Expenditure Report

The second recent expenditure report of relevance is that released on 4 September 2012 by the Steering Committee for the Review of Government Service Provision (SCRGSP), which has its secretariat in the Productivity Commission.[30] In their 2012 Indigenous Expenditure Report[31], the SCRGSP attempted to estimate inputs into Indigenous service delivery and in doing so the report is intended to complement the long running Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage reports which examine outcomes in this same area (with the latest of the latter being Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage: Key Indicators 2011 and including sections on COAG targets and headline indicators and Strategic areas for action). [32] Released at the same time as the full expenditure report has been a series of all-state and state-by-state factsheets, a series of web expenditure tables and the 2012 Indigenous Expenditure Report Overview.[33]

In this 2012 Report the SCRGSP attempted, as they had in their first report in this series in 2010[34],  to go beyond just Commonwealth expenditure and to estimate expenditure by all levels of government, and to go beyond easily identifiable Indigenous specific expenditures and estimate also share of expenditures under programs that are not Indigenous specific. At the Commonwealth level, that meant going beyond the Portfolio Budget Statement’s Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure figures (just as the above discussed Finance Department’s Strategic Review had attempted). The total expenditure figures presented in this report are, therefore, of an entirely different magnitude to those presented in this Background Note.

For more on the report’s key findings see Appendix 2.

The report’s release was announced by some newspapers  under headlines highlighting the apparent expenditure discrepancies  (see for example The Australian’s ‘Aboriginal split: 5.6pc of funds, 2.6pc of population’ ) and with some writers noting that expenditure has risen well in excess of inflation since the 2010 Overview (see for example David Crowe in The Australian’s ‘Indigenous spending topping $25bn The question is: has the two-year surge benefited the 575,000 people?’).[35] The Indigenous Affairs Minister Jenny Macklin and Assistant Treasurer David Bradbury have in their media release, emphasised the reasons for the level of expenditure (‘ The estimated government expenditure on Indigenous Australians reflects a greater use of government services because of higher level of need and disadvantage, as well as the additional cost of providing services in remote areas with significant Indigenous populations’), and observed that  ‘Since 2008 governments have committed unprecedented investments to help close the gap in Indigenous Affairs’.[36]

It needs to be noted that definitions of various Portfolio Budget Statement (PBS) outcomes can change without it being noted in the PBS and thus without it being noted in the detailed expenditure tables that follow, so care needs to be taken if wanting to compare individual intra-agency outcomes across years.

The trend in expenditure

Converting nominal expenditure to real terms[37] shows a rising trend over the period, which means that increases in expenditure have been more than increases in inflation (see Table 1 and Chart 1). In real terms, identifiable Commonwealth expenditure in the area of Indigenous affairs saw a dramatic rise in the early 1970s and a dramatic fall in the late 1970s. Expenditure returned to mid 1970s levels by the mid 1980s. From the mid 1980s to the 2007-08 there was an almost uninterrupted rise in real expenditure—the interruptions being small and quickly recovered declines in the mid 1990s and 2005–06. From 2007-8 to 2009-10 both real and nominal expenditure fell. Both rose again in 2010-11.

The trend can look a little different when this expenditure is plotted against total government expenditure and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), as shown in Chart 2.

When expressed as a percentage of total Commonwealth expenditure, identifiable Indigenous expenditure shows the same sharp increase and fall in the mid 1970s, followed by almost continuous growth to 1992–93 (see Table 1 and Chart 2). The mid to late 1990s saw fluctuations with the percentage rising and falling year to year but still trending upwards. From 2000–01 onwards, however, the percentage of total Commonwealth expenditure allocated to Indigenous affairs has trended down. This appears more pronounced in the years 2008–09 and 2009–10 as stimulus expenditure associated with the Government’s response to the global financial crisis (GFC), increased overall expenditure without adding to Indigenous-specific expenditure.

When plotted as a percentage of GDP, Commonwealth Indigenous-specific expenditure shows a pattern broadly similar to when it is plotted as a percentage of total Commonwealth expenditure. Growth is fairly constant up until the early 1990s with a very clear stabilisation at around one third of one percentage point over the next decade. There is then a fall in 2008-09 to 2009-10 followed by a rise in 2010-11. Therefore, relative to growth in the economy as a whole, as measured by GDP, growth in Indigenous-specific expenditure has been minimal and not sustained since the early 1990s (see Table 1 and Chart 2).

Some commentators have also considered identifiable Indigenous expenditure in the light of the total government revenue. They have drawn attention to the fact that the plateauing of Indigenous expenditure relative to total expenditure and GDP from the late 1990s up to the GFC of 2008, happened in a period when the federal government had been generally presenting surplus budgets, so could theoretically (leaving all fiscal considerations and competing needs aside) have increased Indigenous expenditure.[38] In the years 2008–09 and 2009–10, however, Commonwealth revenues declined as a result of the GFC and deficit budgets were recorded.

Per capita expenditure

Five–yearly census data covers the whole of the period of Aboriginal affairs expenditure. Census counts, however, are not considered a reliable indicator of the true size of the Indigenous population over this period. The data show periods of low and high population growth which cannot be accounted for by births and deaths only and which may be due in part to variations in the propensity to identify as Indigenous. As such, the per capita expenditure figures which are derived from these data and presented in Table 1 and Chart 3 should be used with caution. It is strongly advised that these figures not be used for an analysis of trends over the period.

It needs also to be noted that no comparison of Indigenous specific and total per capita expenditure can be meaningful without factoring in geography, because costs are generally lower per capita for the urban indigenous population and greatly increase it for the rural and remote one.[39]

Further complicating the task of estimating per capita expenditure is the fact that much of Indigenous-specific expenditure has not been simply ‘on top of’ that which Indigenous Australians might benefit from by being Australians. A large proportion of it has substituted for expenditure that would normally be provided via mainstream assistance programs (for example, Community Development Employment Projects for Newstart, Community Housing for housing under the Commonwealth-State Housing agreement, Aboriginal Legal Aid for general legal aid, Aboriginal Medical Services for Medicare supported services). A further amount has been for services which are generally the responsibility of other levels of government (for example, state or local). At the same time, Indigenous Australians have often utilised mainstream services and benefits at a lower rate than other Australians (for example, Pharmaceutical Benefits and Aged Care). [40]

To produce meaningful per capita expenditure figures, detailed studies of single-portfolio areas need to be conducted. An example of such a study is J Deeble et.al.’s Expenditures on health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2004–05[41] and a more recent and more comprehensive study is the Productivity Commissions 2012 Indigenous Expenditure Report discussed at greater length in a previous section of this paper.

Detailed expenditure tables and data sources

The tables listed below provide the most detailed identifiable Indigenous Specific Commonwealth expenditure data available. The data are drawn from various sources, but most notably those listed further below.

The Tables

Table 1: Identifiable Commonwealth Expenditure on Indigenous Affairs, 1968–69 to 2009–10

Table 2: Identifiable Commonwealth Expenditure on Indigenous Affairs, 1968–69 to 1989–90 ($ millions—cash basis)

Table 3: Identifiable Commonwealth Expenditure on Indigenous Affairs, 1990–91 to 1999–2000 ($ millions – cash then accrual basis)

Table 4: Identifiable Commonwealth Expenditure on Indigenous Affairs, 2000–01 to 2004–05 ($)

Table 5: Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure (AGIE) – Portfolio level, 2005–06 to 2007–08 ($’000)

Table 6: Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure (AGIE) – Portfolio level 2007–08 to 2010–11 ($’000)

Compilations of Commonwealth Indigenous-specific expenditure data

Expenditure data for the late 1960s to the late 1980s can be found in Appendix 15 of the Aboriginal Affairs Department, 1988–89 Annual Report, and in JC Altman and W Sanders, From exclusion to dependence: Aborigines and the welfare state in Australia, Discussion Paper No. 1/1991, Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research, Australian National University, Canberra.

In 1991 and 1992 expenditure tables were included in the Budget Related Paper No.7, Social Justice For Indigenous Australians, circulated by the then Minister for Aboriginal Affairs, Robert Tickner.

From 1993 and 1995 expenditure tables were included in an annual, but no longer officially Budget related, Social Justice For Indigenous Australians, circulated by the then Minister Robert Tickner.

There was no equivalent compilation released in 1996 or 1997, but in 1998, the then Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs Senator Herron released Commonwealth Programs For Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples 1995–1996, and Addressing Priorities in Indigenous Affairs an expenditure compilation that also included actual expenditures for 1995–96 and 96–97 and estimates for 97–98 and 98–99.

From 1999 to 2002 the Government released expenditure compilations at budget time in the form of a series of Ministerial statements:

·       A Better Future for Indigenous Australians, Statement by Senator the Honourable John Herron, Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs, 11 May 1999.

·       The Future Together, Indigenous-Specific Measures in the 2000–01 Budget, Statement by Senator the Honourable John Herron, Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs, 9 May 2000.

·       Our Path Together, Statement by the Honourable Philip Ruddock MP, Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, 22 May 2001, viewed 23 September 2008, http://www.budget.gov.au/2001-02/minst/html/atsic-13.htm#P297_65117,

·       Indigenous Affairs 2002–03, Statement by the Honourable Philip Ruddock MP, Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs, Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for Reconciliation, 14 May 2002.

In 2003 the then Minister for Indigenous Affairs, Senator Amanda Vanstone, simply included Indigenous-specific expenditure in a Budget time press release kit. Her 2003 release only included overall expenditure, but the 2004 and 2005 releases included more of the detail of the kind that had been in earlier Ministerial statements.

From 2006 there has been no single cross-portfolio compilation of Indigenous-specific Commonwealth expenditures. Instead portfolio specific summaries of ‘Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure’ (AGIE) have been included in nearly all the annual Portfolio Budget Statements.

Indigenous population data

Historical: ABS, Australian Historical Population Statistics, 2008 (Cat no. 3105.0.65.001), at http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/632CDC28637CF57ECA256F1F0080EBCC?opendocument

2011: ABS, Census of Population and Housing 2011, Quickstats – Australia, at http://www.censusdata.abs.gov.au/census_services/getproduct/census/2011/quickstat/0

GDP and Implicit Price Deflator data

ABS, National Income, Expenditure and Product, June 2012, Table 5 (Cat. no. 5206.0), at http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs@.nsf/allprimarymainfeatures/52AFA5FD696482CACA25768D0021E2C7?opendocument

Total Commonwealth expenditure data

Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1, 1999–2000, 2009–10 and 2010-11 editions, at http://www.budget.gov.au/past_budgets.htm

Australian Government, Budget Paper No. 1, 2012-13 at http://www.budget.gov.au/2012-13/content/bp1/html/index.htm , and

the 2012–13 edition’s Appendix I: Historical budget and net financial worth data at http://www.budget.gov.au/2012-13/content/bp1/html/bp1_bst10-04.htm

Table 1: Identifiable Commonwealth Expenditure on Indigenous Affairs, 1968–69 to 2009–10

Nominal and real dollars; percentages; per capita

1968-69

1969-70

1970-71

1971-72

1972-73

1973-74

1974-75

1975-76

1976-77

1977-78

Indigenous Commonwealth expenditure

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

10.1

8.9

24.4

29

58.4

96.7

158.9

186.1

161.5

173.8

Real expenditure(a) ($ millions) CASH

110.0

91.7

241.3

267.6

509.8

780.9

1 115.8

1 073.4

810.8

787.0

Total Commonwealth expenditure(b)

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

5 670

6 131

7 176

7 987

9 120

10 829

15 275

19 876

22 657

25 489

Indig expend as % of Nominal expend.(%)

0.18

0.15

0.34

0.36

0.64

0.89

1.04

0.94

0.71

0.68

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

GDP ($ millions)

32 694

36 855

40 315

44 471

49 749

60 288

71 140

83 243

96 062

104 894

Nominal expend.as a % of GDP (%)

0.03

0.02

0.06

0.07

0.12

0.16

0.22

0.22

0.17

0.17

Indigenous population - Census counts(c)

Population

115 953

160 915

Real expenditure(a) per capita ($)

2 308.1

5 039.0

1978-79

1979-80

1980-81

1981-82

1982-83

1983-84

1984-85

1985-86

1986-87

1987-88

Indigenous Commonwealth expenditure

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

151.6

182

219.6

258.8

300.4

396.7

467.2

507.6

584.3

656.2

Real expenditure(a) ($ millions) CASH

638.7

728.8

788.1

838.7

856.1

1 038.9

1 146.1

1 188.1

1 281.0

1 347.2

Total Commonwealth expenditure(b)

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

27 753

31 041

35 260

40 394

47 907

55 966

63 639

69 838

75 392

79 440

Indig expend as % of Nominal expend.(%)

0.55

0.59

0.62

0.64

0.63

0.71

0.73

0.73

0.78

0.83

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

GDP ($ millions)

118 591

134 482

152 347

175 759

189 243

213 760

235 467

260 169

285 544

324 590

Nominal expend.as a % of GDP (%)

0.13

0.14

0.14

0.15

0.16

0.19

0.20

0.20

0.20

0.20

Indigenous population - Census counts(c)

Population

159 897

227 593

Real expenditure(a) per capita ($)

5 245.4

5 628.3

1988-89

1989-90

1990-91

1991-92

1992-93

1993-94

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

Indigenous Commonwealth expenditure

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

777.6

874.1

1117.9

1257.3

1437.8

1361.8

1473.2

1715.1

1 670.5

1 852.3

Real expenditure(a) ($ millions) CASH

1 486.2

1 537.2

1 848.5

2 020.4

2 287.7

2 138.7

2 302.5

2 592.7

2 463.8

2 715.4

Total Commonwealth expenditure(b)

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

82 202

88 882

97 333

104 551

111 484

117 252

122 901

131 182

135 126

134 608

Indig expend as % of Nominal expend.(%)

0.95

0.98

1.15

1.20

1.29

1.16

1.20

1.31

1.24

1.38

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

GDP ($ millions)

368 130

404 735

415 607

423 383

444 497

467 501

496 425

529 706

556 981

589 345

Nominal expend.as a % of GDP (%)

0.21

0.22

0.27

0.30

0.32

0.29

0.30

0.32

0.30

0.31

Indigenous population - Census counts(c)

Population

265 371

352 970

Real expenditure(a) per capita ($)

7 613.6

6 980.2

1998-99

99-2000

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

Indigenous Commonwealth expenditure

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

1 888.0

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) ACCRUAL

1 997.1

2 217.8

2 323.4

2 396.8

2 572.6

2 831.1

2 930.1

3 016.3

3 509.9

3 852.2

Real expenditure(a) ($ millions) CASH

2 742.8

Real expenditure(a) ($ millions) ACCRUAL

2 901.3

3 183.8

3 211.6

3 194.6

3 355.1

3 595.4

3 576.0

3 512.9

3 900.3

4 101.9

Total Commonwealth expenditure(b)

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

142 159

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) ACCRUAL

146 772

155 558

180 094

193 041

201 259

215 361

229 245

242 173

259 156

280 107

Indig expend as % of Nominal expend.(%) CASH

1.33

Indig expend as % of Nominal expend.(%) ACCRUAL

1.36

1.43

1.29

1.24

1.28

1.31

1.28

1.25

1.35

1.38

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

GDP ($ millions)

621 525

662 037

706 895

754 949

800 911

859 487

920 899

994 803

1 083 060

1 175 948

Nominal expend.as a % of GDP (%) CASH

0.30

Nominal expend.as a % of GDP (%) ACCRUAL

0.32

0.33

0.33

0.32

0.32

0.33

0.32

0.30

0.32

0.33

Indigenous population - Census counts(c)

Population

410 003

455 031

Real expenditure(a) per capita ($)

7 791.7

8 571.5

2008-09 (d)

2009-10 (d)

2010-11

Indigenous Commonwealth expenditure

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) ACCRUAL

3 507.2

3 348.1

3 685.7

Real expenditure(a) ($ millions) CASH

Real expenditure(a) ($ millions) ACCRUAL

3 507.2

3 330.9

3 447.3

Total Commonwealth expenditure(b)

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) CASH

Nominal expenditure ($ millions) ACCRUAL

324 557

340 035

356 100

Indig expend as % of Nominal expend.(%) CASH

Indig expend as % of Nominal expend.(%) ACCRUAL

1.08

0.98

1.04

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

GDP ($ millions)

1 252 218

1 293 380

1 399 071

Nominal expend.as a % of GDP (%) CASH

Nominal expend.as a % of GDP (%) ACCRUAL

0.28

0.26

0.26

Indigenous population - Census counts(c)

Population

548 369

Real expenditure(a) per capita ($)

6 286.5

Note: Expenditure data are presented on both a CASH and ACCRUAL accounting basis in this table and the two sets of data are not comparable. Expenditure for 1998-99 is available on both a cash and accrual basis and so both are included.

(a)              Cash data are Australian Government general government sector payments/outlays and Accrual data are Australian Government general government accrual expenses. Please note that in 2008-09 Treasury revised historical data back to 1998-99 to improve the accuracy and comparability through time. This has resulted in the expenditure data for these years being significantly different from that published in previous Budgets.

(b)              Converted to 2008-09 dollars using the Implicit Price Deflator (IPD) for Non-Farm GDP.

(c)              The Census counts of Indigenous persons are not considered a reliable indicator of the true size of the Indigenous population over this period of time. The Census counts show periods of unexplained low and high growth (which cannot be accounted for by births and deaths). The ABS has produced estimates and projections of the Indigenous population, but the latest of these only covers the period 1991-2006 (these are used in Table 2). The Census counts, however, are the only Indigenous population data that cover the whole period. It should also be noted that the total Indigenous population as counted in the Census does not necessarily equate with the population intended to be the beneficiaries of Indigenous expenditure.

(d)              IPD and GDP estimates for 2008-09 and 2010-11 are from “Economic Statement, July 2012

Sources:

     Expenditure: See detailed expenditure tables (3-6) for sources.

     Population: ABS,  Australian Historical Population Statistics (3105.0.65.001), Table 9

     GDP and Implicit Price Deflator: ABS, National Income, Expenditure and Product (5206.0) and Economic Statement, July 2010 Treasury

     Total Commonwealth expenditure: Budget Paper No. 1, 1999-2000 and 2012-13 editions, Table 8 Statement 10: Historical Australian Government Data (page 10-13)

Table 2: Identifiable Commonwealth Expenditure on Indigenous Affairs 1968–69 to 1989–90

($ millions—cash basis)

1968–69

1969–70

1970–71

1971–72

1972–73

1973–74

1974–75

1975–76

1976–77

1977–78

1978–79

Main ATSI Agency (a)

Employment

..

1.4

0.4

0.6

4.1

4.8

14.6

5.7

5.3

6.8

6.9

Health

0.5

0.8

1.2

2.0

3.0

9.4

11.9

15.9

14.4

16.3

17.5

Law and justice

..

..

..

..

0.7

1.2

2.7

3.7

3.7

3.9

4.2

Housing

2.3

2.8

6.1

6.5

14.3

25.0

43.0

43.2

39.9

34.3

39.4

Community infrastructure

.

0.3

7.5

8.2

10.5

15.7

16.4

27.5

25.2

26.1

22.5

Education (b)

0.8

0.9

2.9

3.0

3.1

4.8

6.0

9.0

8.5

9.2

9.1

Other

6.4

2.7

2.0

3.6

8.6

17.3

30.1

33.9

23.9

27.7

33.0

TOTAL

10.1

8.9

20.0

24.0

44.3

78.3

124.8

138.9

121.0

124.3

132.6

Other Commonwealth Agencies

Employment, Education and Training

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Housing

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

Other

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

..

TOTAL

..

..

4.4

5.0

14.1

18.4

34.1

47.2

40.5

49.5

19.0

GRAND TOTAL

10.1

8.9

24.4

29.0

58.4

96.7

158.9

186.1

161.5

173.8

151.6

1979–80

1980–81

1981–82

1982–83

1983–84

1984–85

1985–86

1986–87

1987–88

1988–89

1989–90

Main ATSI Agency (a)

Employment

7.0

10.1

10.4

10.4

18.4

27.0

29.9

40.2

65.5

99.0

133.2

Health

18.5

19.9

21.6

23.8

28.5

36.5

37.9

38.1

41.1

43.5

43.7

Law and justice

5.0

5.0

6.5

8.0

10.9

12.1

12.9

13.2

14.7

17.0

19.6

Housing

45.7

48.6

42.3

50.2

57.9

68.9

78.5

81.8

90.4

96.7

60.7

Community infrastructure

18.4

13.3

21.7

24.8

32.1

35.2

34.8

49.1

45.5

69.3

78.0

Education (b)

8.8

9.9

11.0

12.2

14.0

15.4

15.7

16.0

12.4

..

..

Other

37.3

52.6

55.2

68.6

81.0

86.1

85.4

93.6

107.8

124.5

172.9

TOTAL

140.8

159.4

168.8

198.0

242.8

281.2

295.1

332.1

377.4

450.0

508.2

Other Commonwealth Agencies

Employment, Education and Training

..

..

..

..

..

..

148.6

167.3

180.6

190.9

210.6

Housing

..

..

..

..

..

..

59.4

60.0

83.0

111.7

132.5

Other

..

..

..

..

..

..

4.4

24.8

15.1

24.9

22.9

TOTAL

41.2

60.2

90.0

102.4

153.9

186.0

212.5

252.2

278.8

327.6

366.0

GRAND TOTAL

182.0

219.6

258.8

300.4

396.7

467.2

507.6

584.3

656.2

777.6

874.1

(a)              Office of Aboriginal Affairs—1967–1971; Department of Aboriginal Affairs—1972–March 1990; Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission—March to June 1990.

(b)              Function absorbed by other agencies from 1988–89.

Sources: Annual Report of the main ATSI agency, various years and, for the ‘Other Commonwealth Agencies’ data up to 1984–85, JC Altman and W Sanders, From exclusion to dependence: Aborigines and the welfare state in Australia, Discussion Paper No. 1/1991, Centre for Aboriginal Economic Policy Research.

Table 3: Identifiable Commonwealth Expenditure on Indigenous Affairs 1990–91 to 1999–2000

($ millions - cash then accrual basis)

Cash basis

Accrual basis

1990–91

1991–92

1992–93

1993–94

1994–95

1995–96

1996–97

1997–98

1998–99

1998–99

1999–00

Main ATSI agency (a)

Employment

194.1

204.5

240.8

251.9

278.3

336.3

336.0

360.1

380.1

378.8

423.8

Health

48.6

48.2

61.1

70.6

84.8

(b)

..

..

..

..

..

Legal aid

18.6

21.8

29.8

31.6

33.4

34.6

39.6

(c)54.8

(c)63.4

40.9

58.8

Housing

74.5

75.4

(d)37.2

106.0

123.1

143.2

(d)40.8

(d)43.5

(d)38.2

(d)49.7

162.7

Community infrastructure

98.3

99.0

(e)165.6

122.3

94.4

131.7

(e)204.3

(e)236.8

(e)217.2

(e)231.6

127.4

Native Title and Land Rights (f)

..

..

..

12.7

19.4

26.6

43.1

50.2

51.1

51.2

64.6

Other

170.2

160.9

262.4

293.0

308.1

296.1

230.3

228.2

210.3

203.5

197.8

TOTAL

604.4

609.8

796.8

888.1

941.5

968.5

894.1

973.6

960.3

955.8

1  035.1

Other specific ATSI agencies

ATSI Commercial Develop. Corp. (g)

10.0

10.0

10.0

10.0

..

..

..

..

10.0

5.4

5.2

Aboriginal Hostels

22.6

23.6

29.6

35.8

29.1

28.9

27.9

28.4

28.6

38.6

43.4

Aboriginal Benefit Reserve(h)

..

37.3

31.1

27.0

29.1

31.3

34.9

27.1

33.1

29.0

32.9

AIATSIS

..

5.8

5.8

5.6

5.5

5.7

5.6

5.7

6.0

6.8

7.2

Torres Strait Regional Authority

..

..

..

..

21.9

36.3

31.7

34.8

40.3

41.3

45.1

Indigenous Land Corporation

..

..

..

..

..

24.5

25.4

48.3

49.7

23.4

60.0

TOTAL

32.6

76.7

76.5

78.4

85.7

126.7

125.5

144.3

167.7

144.5

193.8

Other Commonwealth Agencies

Employment, Education and Training

305.9

389.5

351.7

279.4

291.9

335.1

355.9

416.3

384.9

418.2

434.8

Housing

139.6

143.5

161.7

93.7

91.0

(b)

..

..

..

..

..

Family and Community Services (i)

..

..

..

..

..

102.2

102.5

102.7

107.8

128.7

155.3

Health

..

..

..

..

..

136.6

144.1

161.2

194.8

188.0

226.6

Other

35.3

37.8

51.1

22.3

63.1

46.0

48.4

54.2

72.5

161.8

172.2

TOTAL

480.9

570.8

564.5

395.4

446.0

619.9

650.9

734.4

760.0

896.8

988.9

GRAND TOTAL

1 117.9

1 257.3

1 437.8

1 361.8

1 473.2

1 715.1

1 670.5

1 852.3

1 888.0

1 997.1

2 217.8

(a)              Estimates.

(b)              Functions absorbed by other agency(ies) from this year.

(c)              Includes Human Rights.

(d)              Excludes Community Housing.

(e)              Includes Community Housing.

(f)              Does not include ABTA/Aboriginal Benefit Reserve expenditure.

(g)              The cash basis figures are the Commonwealth capital injections, but the accrual basis figures are annual agency expenditures. The agency regards itself as self-funding.

(h)              Aboriginal Benefit Trust Account until 1996–97. Includes $0.2 million provided annually under the Ranger Agreement.

(i)              Includes $91.0 million for each year for the Aboriginal Rental Housing Programme previously funded under the Housing portfolio.

Source: ATSIC, Annual Report, various years; Addressing priorities in Indigenous Affairs, Statement by the Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs, 12 May 1998.

Table 4: Identifiable Commonwealth Expenditure on Indigenous Affairs 2000–01 to 2004–05

($)

Portfolio/Agency/Description

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

Actual

Budget

Actual

Budget

Actual

Budget

Actual

Budget

Actual

MAIN INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS PORTFOLIO

RECON. AND ATSI AFFAIRS PORTFOLIO

IMMIGRATION AND MULTICULTURAL AND INDIGENOUS AFFAIRS PORTFOLIO

Policy and coordination on Indig. issues incl. reconciliation

2 734 000

4 739 000

4 739 000

4 303 000

to OATSIA

Living in Harmony - Indigenous-specific projects 

from IMA

  64 700

  65 000

  167 487

  167 000

  81 293

  75 000

Indigenous Flexible Funding Pool (COAG init.)

3 000 000

3 000 000

3 000 000

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission

Promotion of Cultural Authority

60 750 000

66 006 000

66 006 000

173 881 000

173 881 000

to ATSIS

Advancement of Indigenous Rights and Equity

84 005 000

89 174 000

89 174 000

88 980 000

88 980 000

to ATSIS

Improvement of Social and Physical Wellbeing (incl. CHIP)

371 304 000

361 078 000

361 078 000

610 384 000

610 384 000

to ATSIS

Economic Development (including CDEP) 

544 335 000

574 430 000

574 430 000

231 510 000

231 510 000

to ATSIS

Capacity Building and Quality Assurance

13 164 000

11 982 000

11 982 000

27 371 000

27 371 000

to ATSIS

Payments - Aboriginal Benefits Account

32 259 000

31 416 000

31 416 000

31 577 000

44 800 000

44 800 000

49 900 000

to OIPC

Ranger Payment

  200 000

  200 000

  200 000

  200 000

  200 000

to OIPC

Policy and Advocacy

from above

19 800 000

54 148 000

to OIPC

Evaluation and Audit

  218 000

  218 000

to OIPC

Home Loans

16 868 000

16 868 000

to OIPC

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Services

Promotion of Cultural Authority

from ATSIC

181 481 000

181 709 000

to OIPC

Advancement of Indigenous Rights and Equity

from ATSIC

87 792 000

84 053 000

to OIPC

Improvement of Social and Physical Wellbeing (incl. CHIP)

from ATSIC

593 339 000

610 563 000

to OIPC

Economic Development (including CDEP) 

from ATSIC

252 789 000

248 561 000

to OIPC

Capacity Building and Quality Assurance

from ATSIC

39 149 000

30 741 000

to OIPC

Office of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs

Policy and coordination on Indig. issues incl. reconciliation

5 798 000

5 933 000

19 728 000

to OIPC

Office of Indigenous Policy Coordination

Policy and coordination on Indig. issues incl. reconciliation

from OATSIA

7 408 000

Policy and Advocacy

from ATSIC

43 800 000

Evaluation and Audit

from ATSIC

  293 000

to Finance

Departmental

113 185 000

Departmental - ATSIC Operating Expenses

23 887 000

Cross Portfolio Indig. Flexible Funding Arrangements

3 115 000

Indigenous Affairs Litigation 

  440 000

Indigenous Women

5 157 000

Native Title and Land Rights

52 921 000

Public Information 

2 357 000

Reconciliation Place in Canberra - continuous development

1 000 000

Repatriation 

  400 000

Shared Respons. Agreements and community engage.

19 944 000

Payments - Aboriginal Benefits Account

from ATSIC

50 200 000

60 000 000

Ranger Payment

from ATSIC

  200 000

  200 000

Promotion of Cultural Authority

from ATSIS

190 503 000

see below

Advancement of Indigenous Rights and Equity

from ATSIS

84 465 000

see below

Improvement of Social and Physical Wellbeing (incl. CHIP)

from ATSIS

638 094 000

below & EWR

Economic Development (including CDEP) 

from ATSIS

257 783 000

see below

Capacity Building and Quality Assurance

from ATSIS

41 517 000

see below

Home Loans

from ATSIC

37 368 000

see below

Community Development and Employment 

from above

177 780 000

Community Housing and Infrastructure 

from above

50 073 000

Legal and Preventative 

from above

23 786 000

Business Development 

from above

  241 000

Business Development Loans (capital) 

from above

  886 000

Art, Culture and Language

from above

9 692 000

Broadcasting

from above

7 867 000

Sport and Recreation

from above

5 738 000

Family Violence Prevention

from above

3 195 000

Effective Family Tracing and Reunion

from above

1 121 000

Maintenance and Protection of Indigenous Heritage

from above

1 311 000

Payments from Housing Loan Fund (HOP) - capital

from above

90 000 000

Torres Strait Regional Authority

Economic Development 

3 001 000

3 381 000

2 291 000

2 883 000

2 276 978

2 776 649

2 812 440

2 845 000

3 153 000

Community Development and Training (including CDEP)

26 408 000

28 986 000

28 548 000

29 767 000

30 032 086

30 996 195

31 043 040

32 078 000

32 478 000

Native Title 

1 541 000

1 732 000

1 572 000

1 487 000

1 229 589

1 424 163

1 445 200

1 464 000

1 446 000

Housing and Environmental Health Infrastructure 

8 733 000

7 913 000

8 097 000

7 977 000

8 775 401

8 036 877

8 055 880

8 147 000

8 311 000

Social, Cultural and Development 

5 733 000

6 581 000

7 182 000

7 179 000

6 627 587

6 834 441

6 874 080

6 726 000

7 069 000

Policy and Information 

1 307 000

1 214 000

1 693 000

1 426 000

2 252 379

1 486 675

1 535 360

1 374 000

1 793 000

Aboriginal Hostels Limited

Company Owned and Operated Hostels

33 832 000

35 366 000

36 737 000

36 743 000

36 267 000

33 004 000

33 065 000

33 364 000

to FACS

Community Operated Hostels

9 171 000

9 171 000

7 800 000

7 800 000

9 600 000

8 300 000

8 300 000

8 300 000

to FACS

Aust. Inst. of Aborig. and Torres Strait Islander Studies

Publications, Products and Archives

2 892 000

4 365 429

4 440 000

4 332 000

see below

Collections

2 020 000

2 928 103

2 728 000

2 668 000

see below

Research / Directed Research

1 714 000

2 213 580

3 353 000

3 093 000

3 647 000

3 255 000

3 904 000

3 644 000

to EST

Grants / Dissemination of Information 

1 247 000

1 568 888

1 651 000

1 623 000

1 047 000

  933 000

  862 000

1 131 000

to EST

Collection Development and Management

5 604 000

4 453 000

5 524 000

4 242 000

to EST

Indigenous Business Australia

Project Development

2 293 000

2 761 000

3 744 000

2 942 000

3 233 000

3 722 000

4 609 000

4 116 000

to EWR, E&I

Project Management

3 804 000

4 961 000

6 085 000

4 753 000

5 224 000

6 015 000

7 449 000

6 653 000

to EWR, E&I

Indigenous Land Corporation

Assistance in the acquisition & management of land

65 522 000

63 750 000

65 376 000

66 595 000

59 533 000

66 734 000

77 571 000

77 761 100

87 886 000

Indigenous Affairs Portfolio

1 277 769 000

1 315 717 000

1 320 386 700

1 349 539 000

1 358 440 507

1 423 507 000

1 492 820 293

1 468 790 000

796 432 000

AGRICULTURE, FISHERIES AND FORESTRY  PORT.

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Indigenous Land Management Facilitators Network

  575 000

Rural and Remote Water Supplies

  52 000

  150 000

  50 000

  150 000

  10 000

Nth Aust. Quarantine Strat. Aborig.l Communic. Strat. (NT)

  100 000

  100 000

  100 000

  100 000

  100 000

  150 000

  129 000

  129 000

  140 000

Nth Aust. Quarantine Strat. pest and disease monit., surveill.

2 200 000

2 200 000

2 207 000

2 207 000

2 261 693

2 471 254

2 530 921

Agriculture Advancing Aust. - Indig. public relations camp.

  46 929

  12 683

AAA FarmBis - Indig. consultancy and communication camp.

  32 858

   0

AAA FarmBis funding for Indig. Land Corporation project

  108 109

  159 845

  34 500

  141 300

  115 144

   0

  6 667

AAA FarmBis funding Indig. Sponsorship - Rural Leadership

  37 500

   0

Indigenous People in Rural Industries Program 

  281 000

  316 700

  391 000

   0

  128 000

Indigenous Aquaculture Development 

  25 000

  162 500

  345 750

  365 000

  365 000

Indigenous Forestry Development

  150 000

Sub-total Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry Portfolio

  727 000

  250 000

2 525 396

2 472 528

2 697 500

3 127 500

3 252 587

2 965 254

3 320 588

ATTORNEY-GENERAL’S PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Com. Community Legal Serv. Prog. -Indig. Women’s Initiat.

1 084 881

1 084 881

  972 954

  992 413

  994 129

  994 129

1 016 995

1 027 365

1 037 335

National Aboriginal Justice Advisory Committee Secretariat

  15 000

  15 000

  12 000

  15 000

  15 000

  15 000

  65 000

  15 000

  15 000

Nat. Crime Prevention - Projects addressing indig. needs

  458 141

  419 000

  469 000

  454 000

  803 500

  10 000

  205 000

Northern Territory Aboriginal Interpreter Service

  880 000

  630 000

  630 000

  673 000

  936 574

  936 574

  722 250

  900 000

Native Title

4 637 000

5 331 000

5 331 000

5 478 000

5 037 533

5 523 021

5 903 000

5 685 000

5 847 000

Native Title Financial Assist. Payments: States and Territories 

11 000 000

  500 000

11 000 000

11 000 000

   0

11 000 000

   0

Legal Aid

from ATSIS

28 279 205

Law & Justice Advocacy 

from ATSIS

1 268 594

Prevention, Diversion & Rehabilitation

from ATSIS

3 751 201

Family Violence Legal Services

from ATSIS

3 008 000

Departmental ex ATSIC-ATSIS

from ATSIC/S

6 176 000

Australian Institute of Criminology

Violence Prevention Awards

  24 000

Australian Customs Service

Engage and Train Torres Strait Islanders as Marine Crew

  237 520

  170 850

  187 850

  170 850

  180 000

  170 000

  175 777

  176 000

  387 291

Indigenous Cadetship Programme

  40 000

  40 000

  40 000

  46 200

  137 000

  217 000

  169 696

  170 000

  146 359

Australian Federal Police

ATSI Career Development and Recruiting Strategy

  40 000

  23 000

  32 663

  40 000

  40 000

  125 000

  95 000

  180 585

  180 585

Criminology Research Council

Hearing Loss and Com. Disability  within Crim. Just. Syst.

  7 500

Develop. Unique risk of violence tool for Indig. Offenders

  10 263

  10 000

Aborig. Youth Suicide - towards model of explan. and allev.

  11 864

A survey of Aborig. Comm. Attitudes to Domestic Violence

  12 840

Emergency Management Australia

Emergency Risk Management with Indigenous communities

  35 000

  40 000

  38 000

  37 000

  37 000

Family Court of Australia

Resolution of Family Disputes involving Indigenous people

  372 000

  382 000

  348 000

  359 000

  359 000

  370 000

  389 000

  401 000

  401 000

Determination of family disputes involving Indig. people

  97 000

  104 000

  116 000

  119 000

  119 000

  123 000

  130 000

  134 000

  134 000

Federal Court of Australia

Native Title Jurisdiction Matters

10 204 000

11 903 000

11 280 738

12 991 000

11 874 269

11 200 063

11 184 216

11 415 851

9 557 248

Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission

Community Affairs HREOC

  925 000

  925 000

1 079 000

  988 000

  960 000

  965 000

1 021 000

1 021 000

  944 852

National Native Title Tribunal

Recognition and Protection of Native Title

25 883 000

28 493 000

28 493 000

33 484 000

31 643 000

34 093 000

32 172 000

33 747 000

34 018 000

Sub-total Attorney-General’s Portfolio

44 940 009

60 530 731

49 527 205

66 850 463

53 137 005

65 741 787

53 285 934

65 009 801

96 051 670

COMMUNICATIONS, INFO. TECH. AND THE ARTS

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Construction of new facilities for AIATSIS

4 258 979

  190 000

Construction of National Museum’s First Australias’ gallery

9 742 751

  234 000

Return of Indigenous Cultural Property

  500 000

  500 000

  500 000

   0

  727 291

  907 838

  890 000

1 083 000

  256 378

Support for Community Broadcasting

  576 265

  591 250

  591 250

  608 396

  608 400

  626 650

  621 211

  637 950

  639 930

Telecommunication needs of discrete Indig. communities

  400 000

  400 000

2 300 000

2 300 000

3 800 000

3 100 000

3 804 000

1 502 000

National Aboriginal and Islander Skills Development Assoc.

  900 000

  914 000

  924 000

  929 000

  948 000

  943 000

  943 000

  957 000

to below

Cultural Develop. Prog. Funding for Indig. Dance Training

from above

  957 000

Cultural Develop. Prog. Funding for Indig. Art - training & facilities

1 000 000

Indigenous Community TV Roll out

2 000 000

Indigenous Broadcasting Services

from IMIA

4 992 000

Maint. and Prom. of Indig Arts and Cult., Languages & Records

from IMIA

9 227 000

Sporting Opportunities for Indigenous Peoples 

from IMIA

5 554 000

Departmental ex ATSIC-ATSIS

from IMIA

9 066 000

National Council for the Centenary of Federation

Yeperenye Federation Festival

1 400 000

1 104 000

  992 732

Indigenous Media

  120 000

  30 000

  353 418

Australia Council

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Arts Board

4 400 000

4 300 000

4 200 000

4 200 000

4 921 000

5 014 000

5 034 700

5 036 000

4 095 000

Australian Broadcasting Corporation

Indigenous online/Programmes and Education/Development

2 070 000

2 154 000

2 242 000

2 086 000

2 523 000

2 069 000

2 684 000

2 613 000

2 778 000

Australian Film Commission

Indigenous Programme

1 102 000

  986 000

1 104 000

1 306 000

1 400 000

1 500 000

1 671 000

1 760 000

1 859 000

Australian Film, Television and Radio School

Indigenous programme initiative

  47 000

  51 756

  55 661

  52 000

  70 340

  73 200

  73 500

  75 000

  68 000

Australian National Maritime Museum

Saltwater country collection of bark paintings

  100 000

  100 000

  100 000

  100 000

  153 750

  40 000

Indigenous Acquisitions Fund

  15 000

  15 000

  108 469

ANU research Linkage Grant

  10 000

  10 000

Australian Sports Commission

Indigenous Sports Programme

1 500 000

1 500 000

1 500 000

1 500 000

1 500 000

1 500 000

1 500 000

National Archives of Australia

Access to Records - Bringing Them Home indexing project

  550 000

  499 000

  499 000

  200 000

  193 000

  200 000

  160 000

  160 000

  60 000

Community Consultation - Aboriginal Advisory Groups

  6 584

  9 500

  6 000

  6 000

  5 560

  6 838

ScreenSound Australia

Indig. Policy Implementation and Cadetships/Trainee Prog.

  23 000

  55 000

  52 000

  23 000

  23 000

  46 147

National Gallery of Australia

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander arts programmes

  560 000

  777 000

  235 000

  450 000

  201 000

  211 000

  215 000

  215 000

  300 500

National Library of Australia

Bringing Them Home Oral History Project 

  600 000

  300 000

  448 000

  94 000

  93 401

Guide to materials relating to ATSI people held by NLA 

  60 000

  30 000

  30 000

   0

  102 655

National Museum of Australia

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Programme

  483 910

  450 000

  450 000

  500 000

  550 000

  515 000

  550 000

  649 792

Tracking Kulttja

  135 646

  550 000

   0

National Science and Technology Centre - Questacon

Shell Questacon Science Circus Aborig. Comm. Visits Prog.

  40 058

  42 000

  51 371

  70 000

  76 022

  154 000

Special Broadcasting Service

Indigenous Radio

  129 989

  140 000

  174 440

  175 000

  246 733

  230 000

  240 672

  246 000

  238 224

Indigenous Television

2 323 300

2 640 000

2 992 906

2 400 000

1 790 850

3 477 500

2 835 000

3 500 000

5 130 000

Indigenous New Media

  23 000

  20 000

  20 000

Telstra

Remote Community Service Programme

  100 000

  150 000

  150 000

  130 000

  130 000

Telstra Countrywide Indig. Strategy

  100 000

  120 000

  500 000

Sub-total Communications, Info.Techn. and the Arts Portfolio

30 222 898

15 764 006

19 026 362

17 182 896

18 634 442

21 848 335

20 536 643

22 188 788

52 001 293

DEFENCE PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Australian Defence Force Cadets - Indigenous

  845 000

   0

  400 000

  75 000

  480 000

  167 000

  250 000

  270 000

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Programme

  95 000

  120 800

  55 000

  68 000

  68 000

  83 000

  189 000

  199 000

  127 000

Indig. Liaison Officers and Review into Indig. Heritage Issues

  105 000

  100 000

  91 503

  92 000

  188 667

ATSIC/Army Community Assistance Project

4 000 000

4 000 000

4 198 643

  722 292

3 600 000

Sub-total Defence Portfolio

  95 000

  965 800

  55 000

  468 000

4 248 000

4 663 000

4 646 146

1 263 292

4 185 667

EDUCATION, SCIENCE AND TRAINING PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Assistance for School Students with Special Needs

309 298 091

312 101 634

Infrastructure Funding for the Post Compulsory Ed. System

133 485 833

135 739 271

Indigenous Education Direct Assistance (IEDA)

63 588 000

64 929 000

64 929 000

66 296 000

66 298 000

67 725 000

34 234 000

Indigenous Education Strategic Assistance Prog. (IESIP)

201 350 000

167 908 000

188 345 000

174 231 000

171 238 000

184 216 000

to below

Indigenous Education (Targeted Assistance) Amendment Act 2004

247 758 000

ABSTUDY Secondary

68 266 000

85 312 000

83 473 000

91 049 000

91 347 000

100 354 000

107 536 000

ABSTUDY Tertiary

55 011 000

74 614 000

73 434 000

77 980 000

80 002 000

87 803 000

92 265 000

ABSTUDY Loan Supplement

23 449 000

23 810 000

47 695 000

28 580 000

28 580 000

13 027 000

12 433 000

Indigenous Support Funding Programme (ISP)

23 719 000

24 263 000

24 263 000

24 900 000

24 879 000

27 072 000

27 108 000

Vocational Education and Training Funding Act

2 936 000

4 000 000

4 000 000

4 000 000

4 000 000

4 000 000

4 124 000

Higher Education reforms

  420 000

  157 000

  558 000

to 2 below

Indigenous Higher Education Advisory Council

from above

  522 000

Indigenous Staff Scholarships

from above

  170 000

Australian Research Council

Indigenous Researchers’ Development scheme

  225 000

  229 000

  230 000

  230 000

  230 000

  235 000

  235 000

  323 000

Questacon

Indigenous Outreach Programs

  140 000

  140 000

  155 000

Aust. Inst. of ATSI Studies (AIATSIS)

Research

4 493 000

Dissemination of Information

1 203 000

Collection Development and Management

3 553 000

Sub-total Education, Science and Training Portfolio

443 008 924

448 069 905

438 549 000

445 066 000

486 369 000

467 691 000

466 876 000

484 895 000

535 877 000

EMPLOYMENT AND WORKPLACE RELATIONS PORT.

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Regional Assistance and Small Business

1 577 213

2 000 000

Indigenous Related Employment activities

65 485 395

71 822 682

66 829 000

67 241 000

77 789 000

83 410 000

104 879 000

89 967 000

to below

Indigenous Employment Programme (IEP)

from above

92 714 000

Community Develop. Employ. Projects Progr.

from IMIA

383 776 000

Disability Employment services

from FACS

  244 602

Job Placement Employment & Training (JPET)

from FACS

  332 090

Indigenous Business Australia

Equity and Investments

from IMIA

6 457 000

Departmental

from IMIA

3 191 000

Business Development (Grants)

from IMIA

10 192 000

Business Loans - capital

from IMIA

27 063 000

Payments from Housing Loan Fund (HOP) - capital

from IMIA

Sub-total Employment and Workplace Relations Portfolio

67 062 608

73 822 682

66 829 000

67 241 000

77 789 000

83 410 000

104 879 000

89 967 000

523 969 692

ENVIRONMENT AND HERITAGE PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Kakadu Region Social Impact Study

  15 000

Coasts and Clean Seas (Indigenous Prog.)

  52 000

  54 600

  14 310

Cultural Heritage Projects 

  183 476

  200 000

  800 000

  800 000

  264 481

  287 457

  837 798

  468 125

to below

Indigenous Cultural Assessment

from above

  250 000

Aborig. and Torres Strait Isl. Heritage Protection Act 1984

  102 300

  100 000

  200 000

  300 000

  245 000

  130 000

  223 982

  200 000

  200 000

Indigenous Land Management Facilitators Network

1 065 442

1 000 000

1 383 897

1 400 000

1 276 649

1 850 000

1 800 000

1 800 000

1 800 000

Indigenous Protected Areas

1 200 000

1 500 000

1 310 000

   0

1 654 250

2 500 000

2 500 000

2 500 000

2 430 000

National Wetlands Programe

  54 025

Waterwatch

  28 000

   0

  25 000

Envirofund

1 481 212

1 500 000

1 000 000

Indigenous Advisory Committee

  136 900

  130 000

  70 000

  70 000

  70 000

Enhancing Indig. Engagement in region natural resource manage.

  400 000

  400 000

  378 000

COAG ACT Indigenous Trial

   0

Maint. and Protect. of Indig. Heritage and the Environ.

3 256 000

Bureau of Meteorology

National Indigenous Cadetship Project

  4 000

  8 000

  11 469

  7 500

  32 000

  32 000

  23 265

Indigenous Climatology Website Project

  10 000

  11 000

  11 000

  11 000

  11 000

  11 000

  11 000

Cross Cultural Training - Indigenous

  7 500

  4 500

  4 500

  4 500

  2 300

  4 500

  4 500

Australian Greenhouse Office

Renewable Remote Power Generation Programme

  900 000

3 300 000

Indig. Renewable Energy Services Project (Bushlight)

2 000 000

2 000 000

  800 000

2 000 000

2 000 000

2 000 000

2 000 000

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

Indigenous Programmes

  512 000

  580 000

  500 000

  646 000

  466 985

  500 000

  480 000

  500 000

  436 000

Sub-total Environment and Heritage Portfolio

3 130 218

3 434 600

7 211 732

8 469 500

6 377 446

8 920 457

9 357 080

7 985 625

10 858 765

FAMILY AND COMMUNITY SERVICES PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Indigenous Family Relationship Services

4 860 000

5 290 000

5 767 821

5 450 569

to below

Indigenous Parenting and Family Well Being

from above

2 084 000

1 869 000

1 807 000

1 912 000

1 903 000

Family Relationships Services Prog. - Indig. component

from above

  269 061

  269 061

  275 250

  280 755

  708 000

Com. Financial Counselling Program -Indig. component

from above

  372 483

  372 483

  410 931

  417 992

Early Intervention & Parenting - Indigenous component

from above

  230 400

  285 985

  315 000

  429 000

Aboriginal and Islander Child Care Agencies

from above

3 041 105

3 041 105

3 197 652

2 911 626

3 581 000

Emergency Relief - Indigenous component

from above

2 244 160

2 244 160

2 311 601

2 371 760

2 349 000

Secretariat National Aboriginal and Islander Child Care

from above

  149 260

  149 260

  393 812

  179 588

Centrelink - Indigenous services

27 064 000

27 100 000

38 081 600

38 111 000

46 584 000

48 178 400

85 365 600

85 822 000

to FA, HumSer.

Indigenous Child Care Services

25 500 000

25 500 000

25 675 000

26 418 000

21 000 000

22 000 000

20 500 000

21 000 000

Aboriginal Rental Housing Programme

91 000 000

91 000 000

91 000 000

100 000 000

100 000 000

101 000 000

101 000 000

101 000 000

102 072 000

Supported Accom. Assistance Prog Indig.component

23 200 000

23 800 000

28 888 000

29 495 000

17 893 000

18 305 000

17 905 000

18 264 000

19 930 000

Indigenous Housing Independent Assessments

  500 000

  500 000

2 500 000

2 500 500

3 000 000

3 000 000

3 000 000

3 000 000

Stronger Families and Communities Strategy

3 866 000

6 510 000

8 115 971

10 470 980

10 092 576

11 000 000

7 215 000

Innovative and Collaborative Youth Servicing Projects

  367 000

  857 000

  918 539

   0

First Australians Business

  175 000

  140 000

  140 000

  70 000

  63 637

   0

Supporting Families Coping with Illicit Drug Use

  967 000

  600 000

  760 000

  760 000

Reconnect

1 528 486

2 616 746

2 784 158

3 463 448

Youth Activity Services/Family Liaison Workers

  608 531

  631 340

  646 897

  783 140

  460 000

National Indigenous Youth Leadership Group

  175 000

  100 000

  100 000

  140 000

FaCS Indigenous Policy and North Australia Office

3 869 067

4 200 000

4 602 612

4 602 612

1 843 000

Indigenous research

  222 000

  803 000

  803 427

1 307 327

1 467 000

Personal Support Program Indigenous pilots

  60 000

  350 000

  155 000

  311 000

  68 000

Family and Community Networks Initiative

  195 000

1 776 000

1 776 000

1 829 000

2 324 000

Disability Employment Services

3 400 777

3 400 777

3 960 922

3 960 922

  121 000

Disability Targeted Support Services

from above

  137 000

Disabilities - Buddies Program

  140 000

  260 000

  262 640

  262 640

  30 000

Mentor Marketplace

from ??

  172 000

Indigenous Disability Advocacy Service

  265 657

  278 000

   0

  278 000

  479 000

Nat. Priorities Funds - Nat. Homeless. Strat. - Indig.comp.

  311 499

  45 047

  128 488

  57 500

  50 000

Personal Support Program Remote Service Delivery Project

  60 116

   0

Indigenous Financial Management

-PMC, FIM

1 100 000

1 720 000

Indigenous Women’s Activities

from PMC

  246 000

Multifunctional Aboriginal Child Care Services (MACS)

11 568 000

Flexible / multipurpose centre-based services

5 009 000

Mobile services / toy libraries

1 164 000

Outside School Hours Care / Vacation Care Services

4 332 000

Indigenous playgroups

1 392 000

Indigenous JET creches

1 538 000

Reconnect

2 893 000

Community Business Partnership

  77 000

Transition to Independent Living Arrangements (TILA)

  219 000

Departmental: Healthy Indigenous Housing - Continuation

Community Housing and Infrastructure

from IMIA

205 981 000

Family Violence Regional Activities Program

from IMIA

2 936 000

Family Violence Partnership Program

from IMIA

  300 000

Departmental ex ATSIC-ATSIS

from IMIA

21 137 000

Job Placement, Employment & Training (JPET)

from IMIA

  310 000

less Revenue received from other agencies

- 9 185 000

Aboriginal Hostels Limited

Company Owned and Operated Hostels

from IMIA

33 364 000

Community Operated Hostels

from IMIA

8 300 000

Sub-total Family and Community Services Portfolio

171 624 000

173 190 000

194 320 421

209 481 569

217 285 496

226 216 344

262 678 319

266 975 310

441 779 000

FINANCE AND ADMINISTRATION PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Office of Evaluation and Audit

from IMIA

4 164 000

Australian Electoral Commission

2001 Fed. Election Indig. Enrolment and Info. Prog.

  250 000

  240 000

0

School and Community Programme

  20 000

  20 000

  8 000

  20 000

  8 550

  9 400

  61 604

  432 348

to below

Election Indigenous Program

from above

  432 348

Non-Election Indigenous Program

0

Commonwealth Grants Commission

Dev. Meas. of Rel. Disadv.to Target Res. to Indig. Austr.

4 000 000

Department of Human Services

Centrelink - Indigenous Services

from FACS

54 500 000

Health Insurance Commission

3 533 500

Sub-total Finance and Administration Portfolio

4 020 000

  270 000

  248 000

  20 000

  8 550

  9 400

  61 604

  432 348

62 629 848

FOREIGN AFFAIRS AND TRADE PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Cultural Programme

  161 500

  162 000

  150 000

  150 000

  220 000

  200 000

  237 800

  170 000

  200 000

Indigen. Recruitment (incl. cadetships and training)

  74 290

  44 625

  20 957

  37 629

  37 288

  50 319

  130 869

  112 068

  48 308

AusAid

Indigenous Cadetships / Scholarships

  50 000

  60 000

  46 000

  65 000

  45 000

  48 000

  8 912

  30 000

  5 000

Austrade

Indigenous Cadetships

  16 862

  11 000

  30 500

  38 193

  40 000

0

  34 000

0

Indigenous Exporters Program

  9 600

  25 000

  20 000

  20 000

  73 179

  70 000

  67 326

Sub-total Foreign Affairs and Trade Portfolio

  302 652

  266 625

  237 557

  308 129

  360 481

  358 319

  450 760

  416 068

  320 634

HEALTH AND AGEING PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Pathology Services to Rural and Remote NT

3 090 780

3 557 070

  581 583

0

Infrastr. to Supp. High Quality Health Care Services

21 982 000

28 586 000

16 535 000

15 117 000

14 954 000

15 471 000

Alternative Arrangements for the Delivery of Pharm. Benefits

6 500 000

9 000 000

11 318 000

12 375 000

15 016 000

16 050 000

16 500 000

19 000 000

19 874 508

General Practice Services to rural and remote NT

  845 100

  537 300

  625 000

  588 000

  618 000

  650 000

  600 000

Section 19(2) exemptions for AMS under the HI Act

11 593 118

12 056 842

12 100 000

12 930 000

12 930 000

14 000 000

17 400 000

20 362 240

17 835 000

Aged Care Strategy for ATSI - Residential Care

8 521 000

11 150 000

11 150 000

13 086 000

13 459 000

14 221 000

14 221 000

13 796 000

15 860 000

Indigenous Coordinated Care Trials

  263 000

2 248 000

2 715 000

8 057 000

13 675 584

12 999 830

13 827 494

13 847 249

Aust. Hearing Special Prog. for Indig. Aust.

  650 000

  650 000

  650 000

  665 000

  680 000

  760 000

  800 000

  820 000

2 000 000

Health services in ATSI Communities

160 682 000

169 006 000

174 323 000

194 185 000

193 280 000

202 301 000

232 834 064

220 855 031

292 330 000

ATSI Primary Health Care Access Programme

17 035 000

22 707 000

20 494 000

32 754 000

33 519 000

53 158 000

50 561 140

73 101 271

to above

ATSIC/Army Community Assistance Programme

3 902 000

3 792 000

3 662 000

4 362 000

4 530 000

4 557 000

4 285 000

4 463 665

4 277 000

Indigenous Research Grants

3 234 000

3 330 000

3 406 476

3 800 000

6 230 838

10 929 690

9 452 805

9 022 056

12 774 013

Petrol Sniffing Diversion Pilot project

  500 000

  400 000

  470 000

  261 035

  382 000

  382 000

0

  381 668

National Child Nutrition Programme - Indigenous round

  670 000

  398 000

  795 000

1 686 500

  725 000

  567 280

  592 475

  280 641

Nat. Indig. Chronic Disease Self Manag. Serv. Delivery Proj.

  340 000

  204 680

  409 886

  409 886

  282 153

  852 277

  700 000

  733 000

Fringe Benefits Tax Supplementation for ATSI Health

3 715 000

9 145 885

7 886 000

7 367 000

7 569 000

7 409 796

7 630 000

7 699 000

Croc Festivals

  325 000

  600 000

1 520 377

1 701 000

1 600 000

2 211 000

  712 119

Rural and Remote Areas of the Northern Territory

  433 000

Tough on Drugs

  400 000

3 655 000

1 748 891

Quality Assurance in Aboriginal Medical Services (QAAMS) Prog.

  256 115

NHMRC Community Guide for the ethics of health research

  34 970

National ATSI Tobacco Project

  340 000

National Suicide Prevention Strategy

  600 000

Regional Health Services Program

  308 707

Access to Effective Family Tracing and Reunion Services

from IMIA

2 895 000

Sub-total Health and Ageing Portfolio

238 297 998

269 597 212

267 566 624

302 737 886

314 333 636

355 728 427

370 883 192

390 686 232

395 387 881

IMMIGRATION AND MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS PORT.

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Living in Harmony - Indigenous-specific projects 

  163 952

  70 200

Sub-total Immigration and Multicultural Affairs Portfolio

  163 952

  70 200

INDUSTRY, TOURISM AND RESOURCES PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Mining industry/Aborig.Communities Regional Partnership

  300 000

  300 000

  300 000

  203 150

  315 000

  200 000

  330 000

to below

Indigenous Comm. Mining Ind. Working in Partnership Prog.

from above

  320 000

Indigenous Cadetship

  32 000

  7 500

  9 300

  13 900

  28 482

Indigenous Tourism Business Ready Program

  865 000

  865 000

Tourism Australia

Tourism Niche Market Development (Indig. Prog. Delivery)

  200 000

Australian Sports Commission

Indigenous Sports Programme

1 085 000

1 500 000

Sub-total Industry, Tourism and Resources Portfolio

1 085 000

1 800 000

  300 000

  300 000

  235 150

  322 500

  209 300

1 208 900

1 413 482

PRIME MINISTER AND CABINET PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Indigenous Policy and coordination

4 389 950

Reconciliation

9 103 640

Partnerships Against Domestic Violence - Indig. grants

2 000 000

2 000 000

3 320 000

1 442 718

  902 000

1 265 000

  807 000

0

Mentoring

  187 300

  100 000

  113 000

  117 000

  174 000

0

Indigenous Women in Leadership

  50 000

  76 000

  110 300

  76 000

  300 000

  200 000

Family Income Management

  850 000

to FACS, IFM

Indigenous Women’s Activities

  36 000

Indigenous Functions - New Arrangements

from IMIA

  695 000

Australian Public Service Commission (APSC) Ind. Empl.

from IMIA

1 501 000

Sub-total Prime Minister and Cabinet Portfolio

15 493 590

2 000 000

3 557 300

1 618 718

1 125 300

1 458 000

2 131 000

  200 000

2 232 000

TRANSPORT AND REGIONAL SERVICES PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Local Govern. Incentive Prog. - Aborig. Councils

  284 300

Safety Inspect. Remote Aerodromes Indig. Com. Nth Aust.

  160 000

  160 000

  124 312

  171 809

  171 809

  171 809

  171 809

  171 809

  166 909

Wreck Bay Aboriginal Community Council

  235 900

  495 900

  486 000

  654 000

  449 133

  242 000

  243 578

  255 000

Local Government Financial Assistance Grants

16 811 419

17 366 196

19 407 465

20 104 193

21 139 516

21 917 450

25 228 665

25 909 412

Rural Transaction Centres

  401 313

Regional Solutions Programme

  801 701

Regional Assistance Programmes

1 125 051

Sustainable Regions

  900 000

1 114 917

1 208 383

Remote Air Services Subsidy Scheme

2 600 000

1 794 000

Roads to Recovery Programme

  300 000

  250 000

Regional Partnership Programme

2 710 410

Regional Partnerships Programme - Crocfest

  67 273

COAG Western Australia Indigenous Trial

1 147 000

Sub-total Transport and Regional Services Portfolio

17 491 619

18 022 096

20 017 777

20 930 002

24 088 523

23 231 259

32 369 379

29 588 604

1 381 182

TREASURY PORTFOLIO

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

GST Start-up Assistance Office - Educ. & Training Material

2 699 730

Productivity Commission

Developing Reporting  key indicators of Indig. disadvantage

  558 000

  735 000

  565 000

  728 000

Australian Bureau of Statistics

Developing, Collecting and Reporting Indigenous Statistics

4 379 000

6 166 000

6 085 000

7 009 000

7 227 000

4 704 000

5 547 000

7 121 000

Australian Competition and Consumer Commission

Information for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples

  190 000

  110 000

  110 000

  110 000

  153 893

  57 500

Australian Taxation Office

Indigenous Reference Centre

  318 500

  322 000

  60 000

  45 490

  42 000

  42 000

  113 400

  118 600

  333 320

The New Tax Reform Business Education Centre

  528 876

  528 876

  174 865

  810 200

  52 000

  300 000

  105 000

  120 000

  139 790

GST Field Compliance and Advisory Work 5

1 102 500

Sub-total Treasury Portfolio

8 116 106

7 126 876

6 429 865

7 864 690

7 431 000

5 604 000

6 654 293

7 982 100

2 303 610

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-5

Total from above italics portfolio sub-totals (a)

2 323 386 622

2 390 827 533

2 396 787 939

2 500 550 381

2 572 561 036

2 691 837 328

2 831 091 530

2 840 554 322

2 930 144 312

Total as given in Ministerial Statement (b)

2 323 560 412

2 390 867 733

2 396 787 939

2 500 550 381

2 572 561 036

2 691 837 328

2 831 091 530

2 918 315 322

2 930 144 312

Difference between totals from italics and statements (c)

  173 790

  40 200

0

0

0

0

0

77 761 000

0

(a)              The sum of the portfolio sub-totals of the data as keyed above and checked by the compiler of this table.

(b)              The total as presented in the Minister’s statements.

(c)              The compilers totals deviated from those in the Minister’s statement at only 3 points. The first two deviations are relatively minor and probably result from a miscalculation within the Minister’s statement. The third and more significant one probably resulted from the double counting in the Minister’s statement of the $77 761 000 spent on the Indigenous Land Corporation.

Source: Annual Ministerial Budget Statements

Table 5: Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure (AGIE - portfolio level 2005–06 to
2007–08

($’000)

Portfolio/Agency/Outcome

May 2006 PBS

May 2007 PBS

2005-06

2006-07

2006-07

2007-08

actual

budget

actual

budget

Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Portfolio

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

Outcome 1: More sustainable, competitive and profitable Australian agricultural, food, fisheries and forestry industries

  659

  931

  980

1 064

Total Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Portfolio

  659

  931

  980

1 064

Attorney-General’s Portfolio

Attorney General’s Department

Outcome 1: An equitable and accessible system of federal civil justice

82 043

99 116

88 920

100 735

Australian Crime Commission

Outcome 1: Enhanced Australian law enforcement capacity

..

..

5 038

4 450

Australian Customs Service

Outcome 1: Effective border management that, with minimal disruption to legitimate trade and travel, prevents illegal movement across the border, raises revenue and provides trade statistics

  555

  555

1 387

  617

Australian Federal Police

Outcome 1: The investigation and prevention of crime against the Commonwealth and protection of Commonwealth interests in Australia and overseas

  252

  301

  151

  675

Outcome 2: policing activity creates a safe and secure environment in the ACT

  145

  94

  94

  102

Total Australian Federal Police

  397

  395

  245

  777

Family Court of Australia

Outcome 1: Serving the interests of the Australian community by ensuring families and children in need can access effective high quality services

  560

  581

  516

  526

Federal Court of Australia

Outcome 1: Through its jurisdiction, the Court will apply and uphold the rule of law to deliver remedies and enforce rights and in so doing, contribute to the social and economic development and wellbeing of all Australians

9 661

9 769

9 769

9 870

Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission

Outcome 1: An Australian society in which the human rights of all are respected, protected and promoted

1 006

  994

1 080

1 215

National Native Title tribunal

Outcome 1: Resolution of native title issues over land and waters

32 227

32 881

32 881

33 221

Total Attorney General’s Portfolio

126 449

144 291

139 836

151 411

Communications, Information Technology, and the Arts Portfolio

Department of Communications, Information Technology, and the Arts

Outcome 1:

27 274

28 483

27 281

27 938

Outcome 2:

14 464

14 816

11 956

12 451

Outcome 3:

19 507

41 675

20 873

45 764

Total Department of CITA

61 245

84 974

60 110

86 153

Australia Council

Outcome 1:

5 600

5 700

4 369

3 629

Australian Broadcasting Corporation

Outcome 1:

2 601

2 659

2 560

2 600

Australian Film Commission

Outcome 1:

2 791

2 555

3 236

3 646

Australian Film Television and Radio School

Outcome 1:

  117

  73

  119

  79

Australian National Maritime Museum

Outcome 1:

  90

  90

  33

  15

Australian Sports Commission

Outcome 1:

1 500

1 500

1 500

1 500

National Gallery of Australia

Outcome 1:

  530

  510

  491

  647

National Museum of Australia

Outcome 1:

  870

1 002

1 128

1 532

Special Broadcasting Service

Outcome 1:

3 961

4 391

1 665

1 704

Total CITA Portfolio

79 305

103 454

75 212

101 505

Education Science and Technology Portfolio

Department of Education Science and Technology

Outcome 1: (Schools in 2006)

473 192

461 358

..

..

Outcome 2: (Post-school in 2006)

110 027

108 860

..

..

Outcome 3: (Research in 2006)

  535

  451

..

..

Total Department of Education Science and Technology

583 754

570 669

587 983

580 751

Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies

13 227

14 028

14 201

15 071

Australian Research Council

  402

  400

  590

  626

Total Employment, Science and Technology Portfolio

597 383

585 097

602 774

596 448

Employment and Workplace Relations Portfolio

Department of Employment and Workplace Relations

Outcome 1:

107 530

139 760

100 128

146 175

Outcome 3:

562 433

608 469

556 545

542 404

Total Department of Employment and Workplace Relations

669 963

748 229

656 673

688 579

Indigenous Business Australia

Outcome 1:

40 925

89 876

238 309

199 287

Total Employment and Workplace Relations Portfolio

710 888

838 105

894 982

887 866

Environment and Heritage Portfolio

Department of Environment and Heritage

Outcome 1:

10 000

10 688

11 545

18 885

Bureau of Meteorology

Outcome 1:

  27

  75

  76

  46

Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority

Outcome 1:

1 479

1 500

1 456

1 500

Total Environment and Heritage Portfolio

11 506

12 263

13 077

20 431

Families, Community Services and Indigenous Services Portfolio

Department of Families, Community Services and Indigenous Services

Outcome 1: (Indigenous services)

439 544

601 353

753 373

833 942

Outcome 2:

4 095

4 071

4 906

4 982

Outcome 3:

36 809

37 996

36 970

72 406

Outcome 4:

122 995

124 196

129 162

132 168

Total Department of FaCSIA

603 443

767 616

924 411

1 043 498

Aboriginal Hostels Limited

Outcome 1:

47 416

44 570

44 898

61 686

Indigenous Land Corporation

Outcome 1:

56 358

40 517

128 528

21 176

Torres Strait Regional Authority

Outcome 1:

55 549

56 833

58 498

54 178

Total Families, Community Services and Indigenous Services Portfolio

762 766

909 536

1 156 335

1 180 538

Finance and Administration Portfolio

Finance

Outcome 1:

4 819

4 996

5 084

5 161

Australian Electoral Commission

Outcome 1: (Electoral roll)

  136

  145

  287

  259

Outcome 2:

  104

  104

Outcome 3: (Education)

  26

  27

  118

  118

Total Australian Electoral Commission.

  162

  172

  509

  481

Total Finance and Administration Portfolio

4 981

5 168

5 593

5 642

Foreign Affairs and Trade Portfolio

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

Outcome 1:

  42

  39

  151

  177

Outcome 3:

  169

  169

  170

  168

Total Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

  211

  208

  321

  345

Australian Trade Commission

  84

  86

  94

  107

Total Foreign Affairs and Trade Portfolio

  295

  294

  415

  452

Health and Ageing Portfolio

Department of Health and Ageing

Outcome 1: Population Health

8 225

8 240

16 044

14 647

Outcome 2: Access to Pharmaceutical Services

24 842

28 074

28 074

31 306

Outcome 3: Access to Medical Services

21 554

23 445

26 274

31 923

Outcome 4: Aged Care and Population Ageing

17 391

17 884

19 436

21 502

Outcome 5: Primary Care

  746

  471

  465

Outcome 6: Rural Health

5 782

8 070

9 700

9 802

Outcome 7: Hearing Services

4 109

4 609

4 609

4 758

Outcome 8: Indigenous Health

387 720

425 523

435 872

504 270

Outcome 10: Health System Capacity and Quality

1 008

  808

  20

  20

Outcome 11: Mental Health

1 189

1 320

1 320

  700

Outcome 14: Health and Medical Research

18 315

17 276

-

-

Outcome 15 in 2006 Outcome 14 in 2007: Biosecurity and Emergency Response

  616

  320

  842

  611

Total Health and Ageing Portfolio

491 497

536 040

542 657

619 538

Human Services Portfolio

Centrelink

Outcome 1:

56 677

57 232

63 387

62 333

Medicare Australia

Outcome 1:

3 372

1 552

1 551

1 592

Department of Human Services

Outcome 1:

..

..

..

  454

Total Human Services Portfolio

60 049

58 784

64 938

64 379

Immigration and Multicultural Affairs Portfolio

Department of Immigration and Multicultural Affairs

Outcome 3: (Innovative whole of government policy on Indigenous Affairs)

160 698

to FaCS

..

..

Total Immigration and Multicultural Affairs Portfolio

160 698

to FaCS

..

..

Industry Tourism and Resources Portfolio

Department of Industry Tourism and Resources

Outcome 1:

Business Ready Program for Indigenous Tourism

1 010

1 395

1 300

1 138

Indigenous Communities/Mining Industry Working in Partnership Program

  427

  500

  500

  470

Indigenous graduate recruitment, traineeships and cadetships

  63

  107

  36

  52

Total outcome 1

1 500

2 002

1 836

1 660

Outcome 2: Indigenous graduate recruitment, traineeships and cadetships

  16

  26

Total Department of Industry Tourism and Resources

1 516

2 028

1 836

1 660

Tourism Australia

Outcome 1

..

..

..

..

Tourism Niche Market Development (Indigenous Program Delivery)

300

300

..

..

Total Industry Tourism and Resources Portfolio

1 816

2 328

3 672

3 320

Prime Minister and Cabinet Portfolio

Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet

Outcome 1:

702

715

926

736

Australian Public Service Commission

Outcome 1:

2 871

4 338

4 290

4 663

Total PM&C Portfolio

3 573

5 053

5 216

5 399

Transport and Regional Services Portfolio

Department of Transport and Regional Services

Outcome 2: Assisting regions to develop their own futures

1 880

1 923

1 501

1 182

Total Transport and Regional Services Portfolio

1 880

1 923

1 501

1 182

Treasury Portfolio

Australian Taxation Office

1 937

1 752

1 953

1 959

Productivity Commission

  578

  590

  724

  729

Total Treasury Portfolio

2 515

2 342

2 677

2 688

Total Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure

3 016 260

3 205 609

3 509 865

3 641 863

Note: These figures are drawn from the Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure (AGIE) tables within the 2006 and 2007 Portfolio Budget Statements (PBS).  Names for outcomes are only included when they are used in the AGIE tables. On the few occasions when some paraphrasing of an outcome seems appropriate, these have been included in brackets.

It should also be noted that although the 2006-07 PBS for the Defence Portfolio (p.44) notes the existence of several indigenous programs funded from within the defence budget (to do with recruitment, army community assistance, cadets and Indigenous liaison officers) it did not include an AGIE table or separate figures for these - so no figures have been included in this table nor in the total of AGIE.

Table 6: Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure (AGIE) - portfolio level 2007–08 to 2010–11

($’000)

Note: Definitions of various Portfolio Budget Statements (PBS) outcomes can change without it being noted in the PBS and thus without it being noted in this table

Portfolio/Agency/Outcome

May 2008 PBS

May 2009 PBS

May 2010 PBS

May 2011 PBS

May 2012 PBS

2007-08

2008-09

2008-09

2009-10

2009-10

2010-11

2010-11

2011-12

2011-12

2012-13

actual

budget

actual

budget

actual

budget

actual

budget

actual

budget

Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Portfolio

Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry

Outcome: Australian agricultural, fisheries, food and forestry industries that are based on sustainable management of and access to natural resources, are more competitive, self-reliant and innovative, have increased access to markets, are protected from diseases and are underpinned by scientific advice and economic research.

697

342

1 116

678

578

470

Outcome 1: Tackling climate change

1299

840

863

140

Fisheries research and Development Corporation

Outcome:  The natural resources on which the fishing industry (commercial, Indigenous and recreational sectors) depends are used sustainably and for the benefit of all stakeholders.

220

440

5

Total Agriculture Fisheries and Forestry Portfolio

  917

  782

1 116

  678

  818

  470

1 299

  840

  863

  140

(a)

Attorney-General's Portfolio

Attorney-General's Department

Outcome 1: A just and secure society through the maintenance and improvement of Australia's law and justice framework and its national security and emergency management system

127 319

128 720

127 072

123 957

Total Attorney General's Portfolio

123 252

121 024

127 319

128 720

127 072

123 957

Climate Change and Energy Efficiency

Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency

Outcome 1: Indigenous Carbon Farming Fund

1 035

Total Climate Change and Energy Efficiency Portfolio

1 035

Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy Portfolio

Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy

Outcome 1: Develop broadband, broadcasting and communications through policy development, advice and program delivery, which promotes the digital economy for all Australians

3 125

12 546

5 851

5 191

6 196

5 628

5 627

35 475

34 475

19 852

Total Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy Portfolio

3 125

12 546

5 851

5 191

6 196

5 628

5 627

35 475

35 475

19 852

Defence Portfolio

Department of Defence

Indigenous Recruitment and Retention Strategy

490

Australian Defence Force Cadets – Indigenous Participation Program

330

Army Aboriginal Community Assistance Program

3 011

2 223

3 270

4 730

7 800

Indigenous Liaison Officers

1 235

  720

Defence Indigenous Employment Strategy

2 639

2 702

2 102

2 783

Defence Indigenous Development Program

5 849

5 994

6 174

5 994

Department of Veteran's Affairs

Outcome 1: Australian War Memorial

180

184

246

253

Total Defence Portfolio

3 831

180

184

12 192

12 939

12 826

16 757

Education, Employment and Workplace Relations Portfolio

Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations

Outcome 1: Early Childhood Education and Childcare

38 772

38 772

63 304

50 951

49 966

63 142

61 552

71 174

78 723

86 139

Outcome 2: School Education

479 166

484 988

410 490

412 399

373 201

407 634

414 818

413 934

506 724

465 982

Outcome 3: Higher Education

93 052

93 736

106 018

100 281

113 707

120 062

125 099

130 248

167 791

183 033

Outcome 4: Vocational Education and Training

8 448

8 508

145 318

166 977

167 487

177 814

179 447

185 569

Outcome 7: Labour Market Assistances

194 289

175 982

Total Education, Employment and Workplace Relations Portfolio

813 727

801 986

725 130

730 608

704 361

768 652

780 916

800 925

753 238

735 154

Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs  Portfolio

Department of FaHCSIA

Outcome 1 (Families and Children 2008/09 onwards)

1 478 400

1 807 007

31 201

36 368

52 089

54 465

42 404

40 059

48 178

39 305

Outcome 2 (Housing 2008/09 onwards)

  324

  366

49 094

2 690

2 773

Outcome 3 (Community capability and the vulnerable 2008/09 onwards)

57 728

53 137

10 416

24 747

26 165

20 642

42 368

28 051

14 692

13 137

Outcome 4

198 178

9 298

Outcome 5 (Disability and caring 2008/09 onwards 2009)

  505

  591

  654

  602

  584

  493

14 042

14 321

Outcome 7 (Indigenous  2008/09 onwards)

1 767 330

1 652 335

1 437 810

1 298 851

1 272 899

1 265 974

1 251 825

1 083 222

Program 7:1 Economic development and participation (CDEP)

300 455

213 829

Program 7:2 Indigenous housing and infrastructure

145 312

102 105

Program 7:3 Native Title and Land Rights

92 030

94 567

Program 7:4 Indigenous capability and development

573 163

576 908

Program 7:5 Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory

140 865

95 813

Aboriginal Hostels Limited (AHL)

Outcome 1

61 431

53 002

Indigenous Business Australia (IBA)

Outcome 1:

316 947

136 933

Indigenous Land Corporation (ILC)

Outcome 1:

13 542

48 199

Torres Strait Regional Authority (TSRA)

Outcome 1:

53 425

53 789

Total Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs  Portfolio

2 179 975

2 161 731

1 858 546

1 714 041

1 519 408

1 377 333

1 358 255

1 334 577

1 328 737

1 149 985

Finance and Deregulation Portfolio

Department of Finance

Outcome 1:

5 178

5 307

4 989

5 305

2 194

Australian Electoral Commission

Outcome 1:

3 221

3 626

Total Finance and Deregulation Portfolio

5 178

5 307

4 989

5 305

2 194

3 221

3 626

Foreign Affairs and Trade Portfolio

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade

Outcome 1:

301

395

205

309

507

788

738

1 075

852

1 000

Outcome 3:

166

170

164

168

Total Foreign Affairs and Trade Portfolio

467

565

369

477

507

788

738

1 075

852

1 000

Health and Ageing Portfolio

Department of Health and Ageing

Outcome 1: Population Health

16 560

16 782

18 664

43 498

117 093

140 082

122 366

141 385

Programs 1.1, 1.3, 1.5

16 891

24 231

Outcome 2: Pharmaceutical Services

31 306

34 538

46 665

63 354

63 267

81 097

49 998

52 146

Outcome 2.2

34 499

46 243

Outcome 3: Medical Services

31 390

39 643

49 133

70 491

15 560

9 263

21 950

27 976

Programs 3.1, 3.2, 3.4

32 541

44 089

Outcome 4: Aged Care and Population Ageing

21 770

23 807

149 970

157 318

60 792

55 621

42 454

41 664

Programs 4.4, 4.5, 4.8

118 270

129 056

Outcome 5: Primary Care

  698

23 109

31 707

34 763

26 417

24 037

19 793

Programs 5.1, 5.2

  211

22 459

Outcome 6: Rural Health

10 823

21 798

29 624

Programs 6.1

8 256

1 501

Outcome 7: Hearing Services

4 914

5 017

1 713

2 273

5 152

4 774

5 215

Programs 7.1

5 469

4 936

Outcome 8: Indigenous Health

558 150

591 951

655 621

723 490

688 434

783 110

737 965

760 079

Programs 8.1

564 299

678 382

Outcome 10: Health systems and capacity and quality

4 384

11 016

Programs 10.1

  0

3 417

Outcome 11: Mental Health

1 370

1 303

2 198

4 850

5 780

  12

10 125

11 977

Programs 11.1

3 365

  466

Outcome 12: Health workforce capacity

5 328

4 769

15 502

16 178

13 357

14 580

Programs 12.2

  0

5 053

Outcome 13: Acute care

1 462

2 973

2 851

3 346

4 237

3 429

Programs 13.1, 13.3

  446

1 316

Outcome 14: Biosecurity and Emergency Response

  628

  378

  571

  428

  263

  110

1 184

1 024

Programs 14.1

478

426

Outcome 15: Development of a Stronger and Internationally Competitive Australian Sports Sector and Encouragement of Greater Participation in Sport by All Australians

12 698

12 869

Programs 15.1

13 493

12 757

Total Health and Ageing Portfolio

690 309

726 287

798 218

974 332

990 020

1 158 765

1 009 457

1 120 010

1 032 888

1 074 053

Human Services Portfolio

Department of Human Services

Outcome 1: Support individuals, families and communities to achieve greater self-sufficiency; through the delivery of policy advice and high quality accessible social, health and child support services and other payments; and support providers and businesses through convenient and efficient service delivery

10 058

4 108

11 595

8 624

8 624

6 259

160 349

163 141

Total Human Services Portfolio

10 058

4 108

11 595

8 624

8 624

6 259

8 624

6 259

160 349

163 141

Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government Portfolio

Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government

These 2 portfolios were split into the 3  portfolios below (Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities;  Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government;  and Infrastructure and Transport).

Outcome 3: Assisting regions and local government to develop and manage their own futures

1 021

  357

Total Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government  Portfolio

1 021

  357

Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts Portfolio

Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts

Outcome 1: The environment, especially those aspects that are matters of national significance, is protected and conserved

19 922

15 004

32 285

54 612

48 643

70 531

Outcome 2

1 050

1 100

Outcome 4: Development of a rich & stimulating cultural sector for all Australians

1 310

  317

Outcome 5:

64 221

64 446

64 402

90 643

Total Environment, Water Heritage and the Arts Portfolio

21 232

15 321

97 556

120 158

113 045

161 174

Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities Portfolio

Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities

Outcome 1

70 599

73 703

77 660

80 448

Outcome 5: Participation in, and access to, Australia’s culture and heritage through developing and supporting cultural expression, and protecting and conserving Australia’s heritage

3 645

3 645

3 645

3 645

Total Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities

72 244

77 348

81 305

84 093

Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government Portfolio

Department Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government (b)

Move to RALGAS (b)

Outcome 1: Coordinated community infrastructure and services in rural, regional and Local Government areas through financial assistances

  235

750

Outcome 2: Good governances in the Australian Territories through the maintenance and improvement of the overarching legislative framework for self-governing the territories, and laws and services for non self-governing territories

  248

Total Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government

  483

  750

Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sports Portfolio

Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport (RALGAS) (b)

Outcome 1: Strengthening the sustainability, capacity and diversity of regional economies including through facilitating local partnerships between all levels of government and local communities; and providing grants and financial assistances

2 131

  240

Outcome 3: Participation in, and access to, Australia's arts and culture through developing and supporting cultural expression

20 086

64 351

Outcome 4: Improving opportunities for community participation in sport and recreation, and excellence in high-performance athletes, including through investment in sport infrastructure and events, research and international cooperation

8 330

19 385

Total Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport

30 547

83 976

Infrastructure and Transport Portfolio

Department of Infrastructure and Transport

Outcome 2: An efficient, sustainable, competitive, safe and secure transport system for all transport users through regulation, financial assistance and safety investigations.

6 691

1 740

9 205

5 819

Total Infrastructure and Transport

6 691

1 740

9 205

5 819

Innovation, Industry, Science and Research Portfolio

Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research

Outcome 1: Indigenous graduate recruitment, traineeships and cadetships

38

54

47

52

63

256

256

51

51

71

Outcome 2: Questacon - Indigenous Outreach Programmes

66

88

260

260

180

180

180

Outcome 3: Questacon - Indigenous Outreach Programmes

119

Outcome 3: Improve the teaching quality, learning and tertiary sector infrastructure . . . [includes various forms of Indigenous education support]

60 643

61 596

Total Innovation, Industry, Science and Research Portfolio

157

54

113

52

151

516

516

231

60 784

61 847

Prime Minister and Cabinet Portfolio

Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet (PM&C)

Outcome 1: Policy and support

1 336

  736

1 040

1 092

1 336

1 316

1 194

  918

Outcome 2: Arts and cultural development

88 741

62 575

36 503

Move to RALGAS (b)

Outcome 3: Sport and recreation

15 996

17 307

10 096

Total PM&C Portfolio

1 336

  736

1 040

1 092

2 060

1 896

106 073

81 198

47 793

  918

Resources, Energy and Tourism Portfolio

Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism

Outcome 1:

   Indigenous Tourism Business Ready Program

  884

1 781

2681

500

500

500

   Indigenous Communities/ Mining Industry Working in Partnership Program

517

500

500

500

500

500

Total Resources, Energy and Tourism Portfolio

1 401

2 281

2 681

  500

  500

  500

  500

  500

  500

  500

Total Australian Government Indigenous Expenditure

3 852 155

3 856 916

3 507 204

3 561 058

3 348 064

3 482 165

3 490 934

3 602 587

3 685 655

3 524 818

(a) Although this total is not the sum of the figures above, these are the numbers presented in the PBSs

(b) Midway through the 2011-12 financial year, the Office of the Arts and the Office of Sport were merged with the Department of Regional Australia, Regional Development and Local Government, to create the new Department of Regional Australia, Local Government, Arts and Sport (RALGAS)

Appendix 1: Key findings of the 2010 Strategic Review of Indigenous Expenditure

The 2010 Strategic Review of Indigenous Expenditure[42] (released 2011 and discussed on page 7 of this paper) offered the following useful snapshots of expenditure for 2009-10 by function:

Though the basis and scope of their data may be different from that offered in this publication, the Strategic Review’s Key findings may be relevant to our consideration of the data offered in this Background Note:

Policy needs to be supported by effective implementation.....

F.1 Despite the concerted efforts of successive Commonwealth, State and Territory governments to address Indigenous disadvantage, progress has been mixed at best: modest improvements in some areas have been offset by static or worsening outcomes elsewhere. Even in the few areas where clear improvements have been made, the outcomes for Indigenous Australians remain far short of those for non-Indigenous Australians. Past approaches to remedying Indigenous disadvantage have clearly failed, and new approaches are needed for the future.

F.2 The new policy framework developed by COAG (as reflected in the National Indigenous Reform Agreement and the Closing the Gap strategy) represents a comprehensive, coherent and ambitious agenda for reform. The key challenge from this point lies not so much in further policy development as in effective implementation and delivery. In the Indigenous area, more than any other, there has been a huge gap between policy intent and policy execution, with numerous examples of well-intentioned policies and programs which have failed to produce their intended results because of serious flaws in implementation and delivery.

F.3 The Commonwealth’s total expenditure on its Indigenous-specific programs amounts to some $3.5 billion annually. This major investment, maintained over many years, has yielded dismally poor returns to date. Even so, significant funding pressures are evident in a number of areas: Indigenous housing, remote infrastructure, community safety, Indigenous capability development, legal aid, Native Title reform and mobility assistance, amongst others.

F.4 Notwithstanding these current funding pressures, in many cases the need is not so much for higher levels of spending as to use existing resources (both Indigenous-specific and mainstream) far more effectively. Improvements in Indigenous schooling outcomes are a case in point.

.....and a sharper focus is needed on the performance of mainstream services

F.5 Achievement of the Closing the Gap targets and other Indigenous policy goals will depend critically on improvements in the quality of the mainstream services delivered to Indigenous Australians – particularly for Indigenous communities in urban and regional settings. ‘Supplementary programs’ may sometimes play a useful role, but should not be relied on to remedy serious deficiencies in mainstream services. A major role for the Commonwealth under the new COAG framework should be to ensure that mainstream service providers are held properly and fully to account, using the new array of instruments at its disposal (such as the wide range of National Partnership Agreements). Where mainstream programs and services fail to deliver their intended results the appropriate policy response should be to reform those mainstream services rather than to invent new funding programs.

There is considerable scope to rationalise the Commonwealth’s Indigenous programs

F.6 The current set of Indigenous-specific programs across the Commonwealth is unduly complex and confusing. There are too many programs sometimes with poorly articulated objectives and an excess of red tape. In some cases, program logic is weak, with little evidence of any real, testable strategy for change or methodology for reform. In other cases, underlying assumptions are flawed or unrealistic, especially in

F.7 Robust evidence is lacking on the performance and effectiveness of many Indigenous programs. Program evaluation activity in this area has been patchy at best, and many of the evaluations which have been conducted have lacked a suitable measure of rigour and independence. More robust evaluation arrangements are needed for the future. Evaluation efforts should be concentrated on those key policy measures (such as the Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER) and Remote Service Delivery (RSD) strategies) and major programs in which significant resources are invested, and which have the potential to contribute materially to the achievement of the Closing the Gap targets. Data improvements are also needed, both for evaluation and reporting purposes: the lack of robust baseline data, for example, has been a key weakness in many evaluation studies.

F.8 There is a strong case to reduce the number of Indigenous-specific programs operating across the Commonwealth. A smaller number of programs, with more clearly defined objectives, would have benefits both in clarity and flexibility. For the future also there would be benefit in examining the performance of programs, and assessing priorities for future investment, across a number of broadly defined ‘functional groups’ (along the lines of those employed in this Review, based on the COAG Closing the Gap Building Blocks).

F.9 The Review’s proposals for change to current program arrangements fall into three broad categories, although the latter two overlap:

·         the consolidation or broad-banding of closely related programs: the Review is proposing or endorsing the consolidation of some 51 currently separate Indigenous-specific programs into 18 continuing programs. Most often the continuing program is Indigenous specific but in a few cases it is a mainstream program. Savings are estimated at around $1.5 million per annum in a full year. Savings from refocussing ICC operations could be of the order of $3.5 million per annum in a full year;

·         the cessation or restructuring of programs: the Review has identified 25 instances in which there is a case to cease a program on the expiry of current funding commitments (or confirm cessation of a terminating program), or alternatively to restructure the program when evaluation results are available and circumstances permit (subject, in some cases, to negotiations with the States and Territories). Programs that could be considered in the 2010-11 Budget could save in the order of $6 million to $9 million per annum in the out-years. In the case of eight terminating programs the out year funding is in effect fully committed but decisions can confirm that they will then cease; and regard to the scale and timing of investment needed to drive lasting change. Too often, programs offer little more than temporary respite from the worst of the symptoms they are designed to treat, or are able to assist only a small proportion of those eligible.

·         the transfer of program responsibilities to the States and Territories: the Review has identified 15 programs which should be considered for transfer to the States and Territories on the grounds that the activities supported fall within their mainstream responsibilities, as defined by COAG. Transfers would usefully free up Commonwealth Departmental funds.

F.10 A more stringent approach is needed to the assessment of future proposals for the establishment of new Indigenous-specific funding programs. A key requirement should be to demonstrate why an existing program (whether mainstream or Indigenous) could not be used or adapted to meet the stated objectives of the proposal. There should also be a critical appraisal of the intended program logic: that is, the means by which the actions to be taken under the program can be expected to lead to changes consistent with the program’s objectives. As part of a revitalised Single Indigenous Budget Submission (SIBS) process, Finance should play a more active role in evaluating such proposals and identifying areas of possible savings and offsets.

Effective service delivery continues to be a major challenge.....

F.11 A clear message from the recent past is that policies and programs must be targeted to local needs, in close engagement and active partnership with the people they are designed to assist. From this viewpoint, strategic priorities in improving service delivery include:

·         enhancing the on-going professionalism and service capability of the Australian Public Service (APS);

·         increasing agency presence ‘on the ground’; and

·         giving priority to flexible joined-up-government solutions and services.

F.12 Key challenges to effective service delivery include:

·         equipping those delivering services (whether public servants, health professionals, teachers, contractors, or community advisers) with the skills, support services and infrastructure they need to engage effectively with the Indigenous people they are supporting (e.g., young people and families in troubled circumstances);

·         identifying a range of suitable governance and decision-making processes that effectively balance the variety of Indigenous governance styles with governments’ responsibilities for properly managing public funds. These governance approaches should be designed to empower Indigenous people and communities, including equipping them with relevant skills, so that they can progressively take meaningful control of their futures; and

·         tackling the multiple dimensions of Indigenous disadvantage: even with skilled intervention and stronger community leadership, social and economic disadvantage are often deep-seated and involve complex relationships that are difficult to address in any setting.

F.13 Notwithstanding efforts in recent years, whole-of-government coordination remains a major challenge. Program management and service delivery remains fragmented rather than coordinated, with weak linkages even within agencies, let alone across them. The multitude of separate disconnected programs runs contrary to the need for flexibility of service delivery, most obviously in remote locations, and creates a surfeit of unnecessary red tape. Communication between agencies is too often poor, even where their responsibilities and interests are closely related. Significant efficiencies could be gained by pooling expertise and coordinating efforts in areas where individual agencies are currently ‘doing their own thing’ (as in the planning and provision of staff housing in remote parts of the country, governance and leadership programs, and contracting).

An effective partnership with the States and Territories is essential.......

F.14 An effective partnership between the Commonwealth and the States will be critical to the implementation of the Indigenous reform agenda and to the achievement of the Closing the Gap targets. Within the framework of roles and responsibilities agreed by Council of Australian Governments (COAG), a major challenge remains to coordinate the efforts of the Commonwealth and the States in ways which promote seamless and effective service delivery ‘on the ground’. A package approach should be taken in negotiating a response with the States and Territories to relevant recommendations arising from this Review.

F.15 Like the Commonwealth, State and Territory governments administer a large number of Indigenous-specific funding programs which interact with, and in some cases duplicate, the Commonwealth’s programs. There is a case for these programs to be subject to a similar process of review, under COAG auspices, noting that this would be facilitated by the information to be provided in the new whole-of-government Indigenous Expenditure Report.

.....but this is also an area of high risk

F.16 There are real risks that the States and Territories will not deliver on key aspects of the agreed COAG agenda. The capacity of the Northern Territory Government is a particular concern, as evidenced by its performance to date in the housing and schooling domains. Similar, if lesser, concerns apply to other jurisdictions as well. To guide its strategic management of this risk the Commonwealth should develop a risk management plan which identifies key milestones and options for action in the event that the States fail to deliver on key commitments.

Priorities for investment

F.17 The Review identifies a number of areas for funding priority in the near term:

·         Some areas of significant funding pressure (such as infrastructure requirements and funding for negotiated settlements of Native Title claims) are expected to be addressed in Cabinet submissions over coming months.

·         Subject to decisions by Government, it is recommended that funds freed up as a result of this Review be directed to a range of measures – community safety/legal aid, capability development, mobility programs, professional development in the APS and increased evaluation effort.

·         A number of proposed measures that are subject to evaluation, or negotiation with the States and Territories, or are sensitive programs that could be reviewed in the light of changing circumstances, have the potential to free up additional resources that could also be reassigned to other priorities in the near term.

The need for a long-term view

F.18 The deep-seated and complex nature of Indigenous disadvantage calls for policies and programs which are patient and supportive of enduring change (including in the attitudes, expectations and behaviours of Indigenous people themselves). A long-term investment approach is needed, accompanied by a sustained process of continuous engagement. Broad budget allocations should be reviewed every few years to identify medium-term budget priorities that support a balanced approach to meeting the Government’s Indigenous policy goals. The proposed thematic and cross-program evaluations, such as that envisaged for the NTER, should serve to inform those judgements.

F.19 Consistent with the highly youthful age structure of the Indigenous population, the critical objective of improving the outcomes achieved by young Indigenous people, and particularly their education outcomes, can serve as a prism that can guide policy priorities and gauge the overall success of the COAG strategies. Unless Indigenous children secure a good start in life, including a strong base of skills through the schooling system, their prospects for a healthy and productive life will remain bleak and progress in addressing Indigenous disadvantage overall will continue to be painfully slow.

F.20 Some 25 per cent of Indigenous Australians live in locations classified as ‘remote’ or ‘very remote’, in many of which the multiple dimensions of Indigenous disadvantage are starkly evident. While the need for policy intervention in these communities is clear and compelling, a key consideration is the long-term economic viability and sustainability of a community. Consistent with the principles agreed by COAG, priority for infrastructure support and service provision in the future should be directed to larger and more economically sustainable communities where secure land tenure exists, with outreach services and other forms of access provided for the residents of smaller surrounding communities. At the same time, there should be support for voluntary mobility by individuals and families to areas where better education and job opportunities exist, or where there are higher standards of services.

F.21 A number of significant policy initiatives have recently been put in place and now need time to prove their efficacy. The RSD, in particular, represents a bold experiment in testing new approaches to community engagement and coordinated service delivery. Its emphasis on sustained engagement and long-term development is welcome and appropriate, as is its recognition of the need to target policies and programs to local needs. While the strategy offers considerable promise and potential, it is still at a very early stage of implementation, and no doubt many lessons will be learned as implementation proceeds. It would be prudent to evaluate the performance of the strategy within the 29 communities in which it is currently operating before considering any extension to a wider range of communities.

F22. With 75 per cent of Indigenous Australians now resident in urban and regional locations, the achievement of COAG’s Closing the Gap targets will not be possible unless significant gains can be made in these localities. Concerted efforts are needed to leverage both Indigenous-specific and mainstream funding, as agreed by COAG, to improve the outcomes achieved by Indigenous Australians in metropolitan areas and major regional centres.

.....as does co-ordination of effort across different Commonwealth agencies

Appendix 2: Key points from 2012 Indigenous Expenditure Report

The expenditure estimates of the 2012 Indigenous Expenditure Report[43] (discussed on pages 7 and 8 of this paper) are made up of 3 components.  The report tabulates and explains these components as follows:

It is only the Commonwealth level expenditure in the category ‘Directly identified from Indigenous specific (targeted) programs’ which is the subject of this publication, and the report discusses at length some of the limitations of their broader estimates. The report also notes issues which limit the usefulness of comparisons between the expenditure figures they offer in their 2012 report (based on 2010-11 data)  and those they offered in their 2010 report (based on 2008-09 data). With these and other caveats, the report goes on to offering estimated Commonwealth, plus State and Territory expenditure per person (not necessarily the same as per user) for a range of service areas. Here are some of the main figures presented in the Report’s Overview:

Drawing on the estimates behind the above tables, the report summarises some ‘key points’ as follows:

• Total direct Indigenous expenditure in 2010-11 was estimated to be $25.4 billion, accounting for 5.6 per cent of total direct general government expenditure. Indigenous Australians make up 2.6 per cent of the population.

– The Australian Government accounted for $11.5 billion (45 per cent) of direct Indigenous expenditure, with the remaining $13.9 billion (55 per cent) provided by State and Territory governments.

– Mainstream services accounted for $19.9 billion (78 per cent) of direct Indigenous expenditure, with the remaining $5.5 billion (22 per cent) provided through Indigenous specific (targeted) services.

• Estimated expenditure per head of population was $44 128 for Indigenous Australians, compared with $19 589 for other Australians (a ratio of 2.25 to 1).

The report notes that the $24 538 per person difference reflected the combined effects of:

– greater intensity of service use ($16 109 or 66 per cent) — Indigenous Australians use more services per capita because of greater need, and because of population characteristics such as the younger age profile of the Indigenous population

– additional cost of providing services ($8429 or 34 per cent) — it can cost more to provide services to Indigenous Australians if mainstream services are more expensive to provide (for example, because of location), or if Indigenous Australians receive targeted services (for example, Indigenous liaison officers in hospitals) in addition to mainstream services.

The Report also includes a number of focus areas of expenditure and in the following areas the ratio of Indigenous to non-Indigenous expenditure per head of population was, to quote the Overview’s ‘Key point’:

– school education — 2.99:1 ($5359 per Indigenous Australian compared with $1792 per non-Indigenous Australian), mainly reflecting higher per capita use of school services, driven by the younger age profile of the Indigenous population

– public and community health services — 4.89:1 ($3152 per Indigenous Australian compared with $644 per non-Indigenous Australian), mainly reflecting higher per capita use of health services, driven by the poorer health status of Indigenous Australians

– housing — 4.85:1 ($1708 per Indigenous Australian compared with $352 per non-Indigenous Australian), mainly reflecting higher per capita use of social housing by indigenous Australians, driven by socio-economic disadvantage.

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[1].               See J Gardiner-Garden, The 1967 Referendum—history and myths, Research brief no. 11, 2006–07, Parliamentary Library, Canberra, 2007.

[2].               Recognising Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in the Constitution, Report of the Expert Panel, 2012, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.youmeunity.org.au/uploads/assets/3446%20FaHCSIA%20ICR%20report_text_Bookmarked%20PDF%2012%20Jan%20v4.pdf

[3].               Dr J Gardiner-Garden and K Magarey, Stronger Futures in the Northern Territory Bill 2011, Parliamentary Library, Bills Digest No.103, 2011-12, 8 February 2011 viewed 13 September 2012, http://parlinfo/parlInfo/download/legislation/billsdgs/1405426/upload_binary/1405426.pdf;fileType=application/pdf#search=%22Stronger%20Futures%20in%20the%20Northern%20Territory%20Bill%202011%20Digest%22

[4].               J Gillard (Deputy Prime Minister, Minister for Education, Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations), J Macklin (Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs), N Roxon (Minister for Health and Ageing), R McClelland (Attorney General), Senator M Arbib (Minister for Employment Participation), P Garrett (Minister for Environment Protection, Heritage and the Arts), and W Snowdon (Minister for Indigenous Health), Closing the Gap—Strengthening Indigenous Communities, media release, 11 May 2010, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.health.gov.au/internet/ministers/publishing.nsf/Content/mr-yr10-nr-nr098.htm

[5].               Australian Government, Budget measures: budget paper no.2: 2012-13, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, 2012, p. 205, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.budget.gov.au/2012-13/content/bp2/html/index.htm

[6].               Ibid., p. 149.

[7].               Ibid., p. 152.

[8].               Ibid., p. 129.

[9].               Ibid., p. 148.

[10].               Ibid., p. 152.

[11].               Ibid., p. 150.

[12].               Ibid., p. 151.

[13].               J Macklin, Continuing our efforts to close the gap, op. cit., and J Macklin (Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs), S Conroy (Minister for Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy), P Garrett (Minister for School Education, Early Childhood and Youth), W Snowdon (Minister for Indigenous Health), K Ellis (Minister for Early Childhood and Childcare), and J Collins (Minister for Indigenous Employment and Economic Development), Investing to close the gap on Indigenous disadvantage, media release, 8 May 2012, viewed 15 September 2012, http://ministers.deewr.gov.au/macklin/budget-2012-13-investing-close-gap-indigenous-disadvantage

[14].               National Congress of Australia’s First People, Congress Statement on the Federal Budget 2012-13, media release, 9 May 2012, viewed 10 May 2012;Australian Government, op. cit., p. 131, viewed 13 September 2010, http://nationalcongress.com.au/congress-statmenton-the-federal-budget-2012-13/

[15].               Australian Government, op. cit., pp. 141–2.

[16].               J Macklin (Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs), W Snowdon (Minister for Indigenous Health), and T Crossin (Senator for the Northern Territory), Municipal and essential services for outstations and homelands in the Northern Territory, media release, 28 March 2012, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.jennymacklin.fahcsia.gov.au/node/1815

[17].               J Altman, 'Homelands policy debacle set to continue for a decade', Crikey, 9 May 2012, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.crikey.com.au/?p=289732

[18].               Australian Government, op. cit., pp. 154–155.

[19].               Ibid., p. 125.

[20].               Ibid., p. 109.

[21].               Ibid., p. 130.

[22].               Ibid., p. 186.

[23].               J Macklin (Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs), Continuing our efforts to close the gap, op. cit., p. 14.

[24].               Ibid., p. 96.

[25].               Ibid., pp. 112–113.

[26].               Ibid., p. 135.

[27].               Ibid., p. 135.

[28].               Department of Finance and Regulation, Strategic Review of Indigenous Expenditure, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, February 2010, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.finance.gov.au/foi/disclosure-log/2011/docs/foi_10-27_strategic_review_indigenous_expenditure.pdf

[29].               J. Gardiner-Garden & M. Park, Commonwealth Indigenous-specific expenditure 1968-2008, Parliamentary Library Research Paper, Parliament of Australia 2008, http://www.aph.gov.au/Library/pubs/RP/2008-09/09rp10.pdf.

[30].               See the Productivity Commission web-page http://www.pc.gov.au/gsp/review/steering-committee, viewed 13 September 2012.

[31].               Productivity Commission, 2012 Indigenous Expenditure Report, 2012, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.pc.gov.au/gsp/ier/indigenous-expenditure-2012 .

[32].               Productivity Commission, Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage web-page http://www.pc.gov.au/gsp/indigenous, viewed 13 September 2012.

[33].               See the Productivity Commission web-page http://www.pc.gov.au/gsp/review/steering-committee, viewed 13 September 2012.

[34].               See the Productivity Commission web-page http://www.pc.gov.au/gsp/ier/indigenous-expenditure-2010, viewed 13 September 2012.

[35].               D Crowe, ‘Aboriginal split: 5.6pc of funds, 2.6pc of population’ and ‘Indigenous spending topping $25bn The question is: has the two-year surge benefited the 575,000 people?’ Australian 4 September 2012, viewed 13 September 2012 http://parlinfo.aph.gov.au/parlInfo/download/media/pressclp/1893228/upload_binary/1893228.pdf

[36].               J Macklin (Minister for Families, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs), ‘Second Indigenous Expenditure Report released’, media release,  4 September 2012, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.jennymacklin.fahcsia.gov.au/node/2060

[37].               The nominal expenditure is adjusted to remove the effect of inflation and expressed in 2008–09 dollars using the Implicit Price Deflator (IPD) for Non-Farm GDP. Essentially these figures are the expenditure of previous years expressed in current dollars, enabling a more useful comparison over time.

[38].               For example, Chris Graham in the National Indigenous Times, 29 May, 2008, pp. 15–16 calculated that Indigenous expenditure as a percentage of total revenue had been generally lower in Howard Government budgets than it had been in the Keating Government, and argued that ‘… it’s one thing to measure the amount of money allocated to Indigenous affairs. It’s another thing altogether to measure the amount of money available to be allocated to Indigenous affairs.’ 

[39].               See Helen Hughes and Mark Hughes, ‘Money well spent’, Ideas@The Centre, 11 March 2011, viewed 17 August 2012, http://www.cis.org.au/publications/ideasthecentre/article/2478-money-well-spent

[40].               See J Deeble, J Shelton Agar and J Goss, Expenditures on health for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples 2004–05¸ Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra, February 2008, viewed 15 September 2010, http://www.aihw.gov.au/publications/hwe/eohfatsip04-05/eohfatsip04-05.pdf

[41].               Ibid.

[42].               Department of Finance and Regulation, Strategic Review of Indigenous Expenditure, Commonwealth of Australia, Canberra, February 2010, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.finance.gov.au/foi/disclosure-log/2011/docs/foi_10-27_strategic_review_indigenous_expenditure.pdf

[43].               Productivity Commission, 2012 Indigenous Expenditure Report, 2012, viewed 13 September 2012, http://www.pc.gov.au/gsp/ier/indigenous-expenditure-2012 .